结直肠癌（CRC）是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是全世界癌症相关死亡的主要原因。 CRC 的发展是由遗传和环境因素共同驱动的。越来越多的证据表明，膳食营养的变化可能会调节结直肠癌的风险，并且提倡特定营养素（如葡萄糖、氨基酸、脂质、维生素、微量营养素和益生元）对结直肠癌发生风险具有保护作用。肿瘤细胞、肿瘤微环境成分和肠道菌群之间的代谢串扰进一步促进CRC细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移，并导致治疗耐药。本文综述了膳食补充或缺乏葡萄糖、氨基酸、脂质、维生素、微量营养素和益生元预防结直肠癌、发病机制和治疗结直肠癌的研究进展。讨论了不同营养素和膳食串扰在肿瘤微环境和代谢中所发挥的作用，并启发营养调节有益于结直肠癌的预防和治疗。

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. The development of CRC is driven by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is growing evidence that changes in dietary nutrition may modulate the CRC risk, and protective effects on the risk of developing CRC have been advocated for specific nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, lipid, vitamins, micronutrients and prebiotics. Metabolic crosstalk between tumor cells, tumor microenvironment components and intestinal flora further promote proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC cells and leads to treatment resistance. This review summarizes the research progress on CRC prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment by dietary supplementation or deficiency of glucose, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, micronutri-ents, and prebiotics, respectively. The roles played by different nutrients and dietary crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment and metabolism are discussed, and nutritional modulation is inspired to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of CRC.