肝细胞癌（HCC）是一种严重的肿瘤性疾病，具有高发病率和死亡率。 HCC 通常在晚期才被发现，导致治疗无效。最近，液体活检已成为一种非侵入性方法，可识别血液、血清、尿液和唾液等体液中高度特异性的 HCC 生物标志物。循环游离核酸 (cfNA)，特别是游离 DNA (cfDNA) 和游离 RNA (cfRNA)，已成为液体活检应用中生物标志物的有前景的候选者。虽然 cfDNA 提出了重大挑战，但研究人员已将注意力转向 cfRNA，它可以通过各种方法有效识别，并被认为是癌症诊断和预后的潜在生物标志物。本综述主要关注与检测体液中作为生物标志物的各种 cfRNA 相关的研究。目的是提供可用信息的摘要，以帮助研究人员进行调查以及开发新的诊断和预后工具。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe neoplastic disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. HCC is often detected at advanced stages leading to ineffective curative treatments. Recently, liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive method to identify highly specific HCC biomarkers in bodily fluids such as blood, serum, urine, and saliva. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), particularly cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA), have become promising candidates for biomarkers in liquid biopsy applications. While cfDNA presented significant challenges, researchers have turned their attention to cfRNA, which can be efficiently identified through various methods and is considered a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This review primarily focuses on studies related to detecting various cfRNA in body fluids as biomarkers. The aim is to provide a summary of available information to assist researchers in their investigations and the development of new diagnostic and prognostic tools.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.