对肿瘤微环境 (TME) 的了解的最新进展凸显了神经系统在癌症进展中的关键作用。这篇综述全面研究了神经系统如何影响肿瘤发生的各个方面，包括生长、运动、免疫反应、血管生成和癌症相关成纤维细胞 (CAF) 的行为。我们描述了与癌症相关的神经发育机制，例如癌细胞分泌神经营养素和外泌体。此外，我们探索了针对与肿瘤相关的神经的新兴治疗策略。支持这种方法的证据包括证明直接肿瘤生长抑制、与神经系统调节药物联合使用免疫疗法增强疗效以及通过神经靶向抑制肿瘤血管形成的研究。最后，我们讨论了该领域当前的挑战，并强调癌症神经科学领域进一步探索的必要性。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Recent advancements in understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) have highlighted the critical role of the nervous system in cancer progression. This review comprehensively examines how the nervous system influences various aspects of tumorigenesis, including growth, motility, immune response, angiogenesis, and the behavior of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). We delineate the neurodevelopmental mechanisms associated with cancer, such as the secretion of neurotrophins and exosomes by cancer cells. Furthermore, we explore the emerging therapeutic strategy of targeting nerves associated with tumors. Evidence supporting this approach includes studies demonstrating direct tumor growth inhibition, enhanced efficacy of immunotherapy when combined with nervous system-modulating drugs, and the suppression of tumor blood vessel formation through nerve targeting. Finally, we discuss the current challenges in this field and emphasize the need for further exploration within cancer neuroscience.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.