线粒体作为真核细胞的内共生体，控制多种细胞活动，包括呼吸、活性氧的产生、脂肪酸合成和死亡。尽管大多数功能性线粒体蛋白是通过细胞核控制的过程进行翻译的，但其中很少（~10%）是通过其自身的机制在线粒体内进行翻译的。线粒体和核 DNA 的种系和体细胞突变显着影响线粒体稳态和功能。这种扰乱线粒体生物发生、代谢或线粒体自噬的修饰最终导致细胞病理生理学。在本章中，我们讨论了线粒体及其功能障碍对癌症、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和心血管问题等几种非传染性疾病的影响。线粒体功能障碍及其结果可以通过当前可用的组学技术、流式细胞术和高分辨率成像来筛查。这种表征可以作为潜在的生物标志物来评估疾病负担和预后。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Mitochondria, as an endosymbiont of eukaryotic cells, controls multiple cellular activities, including respiration, reactive oxygen species production, fatty acid synthesis, and death. Though the majority of functional mitochondrial proteins are translated through a nucleus-controlled process, very few of them (∼10%) are translated within mitochondria through their own machinery. Germline and somatic mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA significantly impact mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Such modifications disturbing mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, or mitophagy eventually resulted in cellular pathophysiology. In this chapter, we discussed the impact of mitochondria and its dysfunction on several non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular problems. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its outcome could be screened by currently available omics-based techniques, flow cytometry, and high-resolution imaging. Such characterization could be evaluated as potential biomarkers to assess the disease burden and prognosis.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.