本文旨在探讨大鼠肉瘤 (RAS) 和 V-Raf 鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物 B (BRAF) 突变的患病率和谱，及其与结直肠癌 (CRC) 的地理位置、临床病理特征和其他相关因素的关系）采用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）框架进行系统文献综述，以研究相关突变频率与 CRC 患者的描述性临床病理特征之间的关联。检索多个电子数据库，包括 PubMed、Science Direct、Web of Science、Scopus 和 Google Scholar，对相关文献进行分析。本综述共纳入 19 项符合条件的研究，涉及 2960 名 CRC 患者。提供了对收集的文献数据以及描述性和方法论见解的全面分析。在该地区的审查研究中，男性占主导地位，占 58.6%。总体而言，RAS 突变率为 38.1%。 Kirsten RAS病毒癌基因同源物（KRAS）突变最常见，占病例的37.1%，分布在不同的外显子中，其中G12D突变在外显子2中最常见（23.2%），其次是G12V（13.7%）、G13D (10.1%)、G12C (5.1%)、G12A (5.04%) 和 G12S (3.6%)。神经母细胞瘤 RAS 病毒癌基因同源物 (NRAS) 突变在 3.3% 的肿瘤样本中被发现，最常见的突变位点位于外显子 2、3 和 4，密码子 61 是该区域最常见的位置。 BRAF基因的总突变频率为2.6%，其中V600E突变最为常见。CRC患者中RAS和BRAF突变的分布模式在不同种族群体中表现出显着差异。我们的研究通过证明与其他地区的结直肠癌患者相比，中东结直肠癌患者中 KRAS 突变的患病率更高，揭示了这一现象。这些突变和地理差异的识别对于个性化治疗计划非常重要，并且可能有助于开发新型靶向疗法。不同种族的 CRC 患者中 RAS 和 BRAF 突变的不同分布模式，以及突变患病率的区域差异，凸显了该领域进一步研究的必要性。© 作者 2024。

This review article aims to investigate the prevalence and spectrum of rat sarcoma (RAS) and V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B (BRAF) mutations, and their connection with geographical location, clinicopathological features, and other relevant factors in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the Middle East.A systematic literature review, employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, was conducted to investigate the association between the frequency of relevant mutations and the descriptive clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients. Multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched to analyze the relevant literature.A total of 19 eligible studies comprising 2960 patients with CRC were included in this review. A comprehensive analysis of the collected literature data as well as descriptive and methodological insights is provided. Men were predominant in reviewed studies for the region, accounting for 58.6%. Overall, RAS mutation prevalence was 38.1%. Kirsten RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) mutations were the most common, accounting for 37.1% of cases and distributed among different exons, with the G12D mutation being the most frequent in exon 2 (23.2%) followed by G12V (13.7%), G13D (10.1%), G12C (5.1%), G12A (5.04%), and G12S (3.6%). Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog (NRAS) mutations were identified in 3.3% of tumor samples, with the most common mutation site located in exons 2, 3, and 4, and codon 61 being the most common location for the region. The total mutation frequency in the BRAF gene was 2.6%, with the V600E mutation being the most common.The distribution patterns of RAS and BRAF mutations among CRC patients exhibit notable variations across diverse ethnic groups. Our study sheds light on this phenomenon by demonstrating a higher prevalence of KRAS mutations in CRC patients from the Middle East, as compared with those from other regions. The identification of these mutations and geographical differences is important for personalized treatment planning and could potentially aid in the development of novel targeted therapies. The distinct distribution patterns of RAS and BRAF mutations among CRC patients across different ethnic groups, as well as the regional variability in mutation prevalence, highlight the need for further research in this area.© The Author(s) 2024.