慢性炎症在神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌症等疾病的发生和进展中起着至关重要的作用，因为肿瘤的发展和慢性炎症是相关的，共享共同的信号通路。至少 20% 的乳腺癌和结直肠癌与感染、刺激物或自身免疫性疾病引发的慢性炎症有关。肥胖、慢性炎症和癌症之间的相互关联强调了基于人群的干预措施在维持健康体重、破坏这一轴方面的重要性。鉴于饮食炎症指数与癌症风险增加相关，采用补充营养保健品的抗炎饮食可能有助于预防癌症。天然产物及其衍生物具有良好的抗肿瘤活性和良好的副作用；然而，天然生物活性药物的开发由于其可变性和复杂性而具有挑战性，需要严格的研究过程。研究表明，将非甾体类抗炎药 (NSAID)、皮质类固醇和他汀类药物等抗炎产品与植物源性产品相结合，可作为传统治疗方法的辅助剂，具有临床实用性，且安全性已知。针对炎症和癌症发病机制中涉及的多种蛋白质的药理学方法成为一种特别有前途的选择。鉴于炎症的系统性和多因素性质，综合策略对于癌症治疗的长期成功至关重要。为了深入了解致癌现象并发现诊断或临床相关的生物标志物，了解遗传变异性、环境暴露、饮食习惯和 TME 成分至关重要，以建立基于分子和遗传分析的治疗方法。此外，使用内源性大麻素、大麻素和前列腺酰胺类化合物作为潜在的治疗靶点或生物标志物需要进一步研究。本综述旨在阐明特定病因和介质在肿瘤发展中导致持续炎症反应的作用。它探索了癌症治疗的潜在治疗策略，强调迫切需要经济有效的方法来解决癌症相关炎症。版权所有 © 2024 Turizo-Smith、Córdoba-Hernandez、Mejía-Guarnizo、Monroy-Camacho 和 Rodríguez-García。

Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of pathologies like neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, since tumor development and chronic inflammation are linked, sharing common signaling pathways. At least 20% of breast and colorectal cancers are associated with chronic inflammation triggered by infections, irritants, or autoimmune diseases. Obesity, chronic inflammation, and cancer interconnection underscore the importance of population-based interventions in maintaining healthy body weight, to disrupt this axis. Given that the dietary inflammatory index is correlated with an increased risk of cancer, adopting an anti-inflammatory diet supplemented with nutraceuticals may be useful for cancer prevention. Natural products and their derivatives offer promising antitumor activity with favorable adverse effect profiles; however, the development of natural bioactive drugs is challenging due to their variability and complexity, requiring rigorous research processes. It has been shown that combining anti-inflammatory products, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and statins, with plant-derived products demonstrate clinical utility as accessible adjuvants to traditional therapeutic approaches, with known safety profiles. Pharmacological approaches targeting multiple proteins involved in inflammation and cancer pathogenesis emerge as a particularly promising option. Given the systemic and multifactorial nature of inflammation, comprehensive strategies are essential for long term success in cancer therapy. To gain insights into carcinogenic phenomena and discover diagnostic or clinically relevant biomarkers, is pivotal to understand genetic variability, environmental exposure, dietary habits, and TME composition, to establish therapeutic approaches based on molecular and genetic analysis. Furthermore, the use of endocannabinoid, cannabinoid, and prostamide-type compounds as potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers requires further investigation. This review aims to elucidate the role of specific etiological agents and mediators contributing to persistent inflammatory reactions in tumor development. It explores potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment, emphasizing the urgent need for cost-effective approaches to address cancer-associated inflammation.Copyright © 2024 Turizo-Smith, Córdoba-Hernandez, Mejía-Guarnizo, Monroy-Camacho and Rodríguez-García.