迄今为止，癌症治疗仍缺乏有效的策略。免疫疗法在治疗多种癌症方面具有巨大潜力，但作为单一疗法其疗效有限。化学免疫疗法（CIT）有望广泛应用于癌症治疗。因此，确定他们在 CIT 方法中的参与和潜在协同作用至关重要。纳米药物递送系统（NDDS）是理想的递送系统，因为它们可以同时靶向免疫细胞和癌细胞，促进药物积累，降低药物毒性。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍五种当前的免疫疗法，包括免疫检查点阻断（ICB）、过继细胞转移疗法（ACT）、癌症疫苗、溶瘤病毒疗法（OVT）和细胞因子疗法。随后，化疗通过诱导免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）、促进肿瘤杀伤细胞浸润、下调免疫抑制细胞和抑制免疫检查点来发挥免疫调节作用。最后，详细介绍了NDDSs介导的协同给药系统，并对NDDSs介导的CIT纳米颗粒的发展进行了展望。© 2024 Lang et al.

Until now, there has been a lack of effective strategies for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy has high potential in treating several cancers but its efficacy is limited as a monotherapy. Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) holds promise to be widely used in cancer treatment. Therefore, identifying their involvement and potential synergy in CIT approaches is decisive. Nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) are ideal delivery systems because they can simultaneously target immune cells and cancer cells, promoting drug accumulation, and reducing the toxicity of the drug. In this review, we first introduce five current immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blocking (ICB), adoptive cell transfer therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, oncolytic virus therapy (OVT) and cytokine therapy. Subsequently, the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), promoting tumor killer cell infiltration, down-regulating immunosuppressive cells, and inhibiting immune checkpoints have been described. Finally, the NDDSs-mediated collaborative drug delivery systems have been introduced in detail, and the development of NDDSs-mediated CIT nanoparticles has been prospected.© 2024 Lang et al.