本研究旨在确定迷迭香叶粉 (RP) 对后期产蛋鸡的产蛋性能、鸡蛋质量、血清指数、肠道屏障功能以及盲肠微生物群和代谢物的影响。将84只65周龄“京彩6号”蛋鸡随机分为2组，饲喂基础日粮（CON）或添加0.3%RP的基础日粮。我们的研究表明，RP 改善了蛋鸡的哈夫单位并降低了蛋黄 n-6/n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 比率，增加了血清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、SOD 和过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 的空肠活性以及空肠闭合小带-1 (ZO-1) 表达，以及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 水平和空肠 TNF-α mRNA 表达降低。迷迭香叶粉显着增强（P < 0.05）Rikenellaceae、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group和Turicibacter的盲肠丰度，倾向于提高（P = 0.076）丁酸盐浓度，并降低（P < 0.05）Erysipelatoclostridiaceae、Sutterellaceae、Fusobacteriaceae、Campylobacteraceae、Sutterella的盲肠丰度、弯曲杆菌、梭杆菌，与哈夫单位、卵黄n-6/n-3 PUFA比值、血清SOD、TNF-α密切相关。此外，RP 改变了盲肠微生物群的代谢功能，并提高了丁酸合成酶的丰度，包括赖氨酸 2,3-氨基变位酶、β-赖氨酸 5,6-氨基变位酶和 3-含氧酸 CoA 转移酶。总之，0.3% RP 有可能通过部分调节血清抗氧化状态、空肠屏障功能以及盲肠微生物群结构和代谢物来提高鸡蛋质量，这表明 RP 可以被认为是一种有前景的饲料添加剂，可促进后期产蛋的生产性能hens.© 2024 作者。

This study sought to determine the effects of rosemary leaf powder (RP) on laying performance, egg quality, serum indices, gut barrier function, and cecal microbiota and metabolites of late-phase laying hens. A total of 84 "Jing Tint 6" laying hens at 65-week old were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.3% RP. Our study revealed that RP improved the Haugh unit and decreased yolk n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio of laying hens, increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), jejunal activities of SOD and catalase (CAT), and jejunal zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression, as well as decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level and jejunal TNF-α mRNA expression. Rosemary leaf powder markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) cecal abundances of Rikenellaceae, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Turicibacter, tended to promote (P = 0.076) butyrate concentration, and reduced (P < 0.05) cecal abundances of Erysipelatoclostridiaceae, Sutterellaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Campylobacteraceae, Sutterella, Campylobacter, and Fusobacterium, which were closely linked with Haugh unit, yolk n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, serum SOD and TNF-α. In addition, RP altered the metabolic functions of cecal microbiota and enhanced the abundances of butyrate-synthesizing enzymes, including lysine 2,3-aminomutase, β-lysine 5,6-aminomutase, and 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase. Together, 0.3% RP has the potential to enhance egg quality by partially modulating serum antioxidant status, jejunal barrier function, and cecal microbiota structure and metabolites, indicating that RP could be considered a promising feed additive to promote the production performance of late-phase laying hens.© 2024 The Authors.