我们的目的是报告过去 4 个月内西班牙一家三级医院收治的血液病患者中出现的唑类耐药侵袭性曲霉病。进行了前瞻性描述性研究，以描述和跟踪所有连续证明和可能的血液学中对唑类耐药的侵袭性曲霉病。过去 4 个月内的队列。所有患者均进行真菌培养和抗真菌药敏或实时PCR检测曲霉菌属和实时PCR检测唑类抗性突变。4个月内诊断出4例侵袭性曲霉菌病。其中三人患有唑类抗性曲霉病。 3 例通过真菌培养分离和随后的抗真菌药敏试验实现微生物学诊断，1 例通过基于 PCR 的曲霉菌和唑类耐药性检测进行诊断。所有唑类抗性曲霉菌均存在TR34/L98H突变。唑类耐药曲霉菌病患者患有不同的血液系统疾病：多发性骨髓瘤、急性淋巴细胞白血病和血管免疫母细胞T淋巴瘤。关于危险因素，一名患者长期中性粒细胞减少症，两名患者服用皮质类固醇，两名患者同时感染病毒。其中两名患者在接受唑类药物治疗时出现曲霉病。我们观察到，血液系统恶性肿瘤患者中携带 TR34/L98H 突变的烟曲霉引起的唑类耐药曲霉病的风险较高。唑类抗药性曲霉菌病的出现引起了社区的关注，凸显了加强监测的迫切需要以及药敏试验和新药开发的重要性。© 2024。作者。

We aimed to report the emergence of azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis in hematologic patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Spain during the last 4 months.Prospective, descriptive study was performed to describe and follow all consecutive proven and probable invasive aspergillosis resistant to azoles from hematological cohort during the last 4 months. All patients had fungal cultures and antifungal susceptibility or real-time PCR detection for Aspergillus species and real-time PCR detection for azole-resistant mutation.Four cases of invasive aspergillosis were diagnosed in 4 months. Three of them had azole-resistant aspergillosis. Microbiological diagnosis was achieved in three cases by means of fungal culture isolation and subsequent antifungal susceptibility whereas one case was diagnosed by PCR-based aspergillus and azole resistance detection. All the azole-resistant aspergillosis presented TR34/L98H mutation. Patients with azole-resistant aspergillosis had different hematologic diseases: multiple myeloma, lymphoblastic acute leukemia, and angioimmunoblastic T lymphoma. Regarding risk factors, one had prolonged neutropenia, two had corticosteroids, and two had viral co-infection. Two of the patients developed aspergillosis under treatment with azoles.We have observed a heightened risk of azole-resistant aspergillosis caused by A. fumigatus harboring the TR34/L98H mutation in patients with hematologic malignancies. The emergence of azole-resistant aspergillosis raises concerns for the community, highlighting the urgent need for increased surveillance and the importance of susceptibility testing and new drugs development.© 2024. The Author(s).