硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐天然存在于植物性和动物性食品中，在肉类加工中用作添加剂，并且存在于水中。越来越多的证据表明，它们对健康产生一系列影响，具体取决于饮食来源。该研究的目的是检查硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐的膳食摄入量与全因死亡率和特定原因死亡率之间的来源依赖性关联性。在丹麦饮食、癌症和健康研究的 52,247 名参与者中，来源依赖性硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐之间的关联性亚硝酸盐摄入量（使用综合食物成分和国家饮用水质量监测数据库计算）以及 27 年来的全因死亡率、心血管疾病 (CVD) 相关死亡率和癌症相关死亡率均使用 Cox 比例风险模型中的限制三次样条进行检查调整人口、生活方式和饮食混杂因素。根据假设影响致癌 N-亚硝基化合物形成的因素（即吸烟和维生素 C、维生素 E、叶酸和多酚的饮食摄入量）进行分层分析。植物来源的硝酸盐摄入量与全因死亡率呈负相关。 HRQ5vsQ1：0.83 (0.80, 0.87)]，而天然动物源硝酸盐摄入量越高，全因死亡风险越高 [1.09 (1.04, 1.14)]，添加剂允许的肉类来源硝酸盐 [1.19 (1.14, 1.25) )]，以及自来水来源的硝酸盐[1.19 (1.14, 1.25)]。亚硝酸盐以及心血管疾病相关和癌症相关死亡率也存在类似的来源依赖性关联，但天然存在的动物源硝酸盐和自来水源硝酸盐与癌症相关死亡率无关，并且允许添加的肉类来源硝酸盐也没有相关性。与 CVD 相关死亡率有关。分层分析中没有出现明确的模式。来自植物来源的硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐与死亡率呈负相关，而来自天然动物来源、允许添加的肉类来源和自来水来源的硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐则与死亡率呈正相关。© 2024。 ）。

Nitrate and nitrite are naturally occurring in both plant- and animal-sourced foods, are used as additives in the processing of meat, and are found in water. There is growing evidence that they exhibit a spectrum of health effects, depending on the dietary source. The aim of the study was to examine source-dependent associations between dietary intakes of nitrate/nitrite and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality.In 52,247 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study, associations between source-dependent nitrate and nitrite intakes--calculated using comprehensive food composition and national drinking water quality monitoring databases--and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related, and cancer-related mortality over 27 years were examined using restricted cubic splines within Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary confounders. Analyses were stratified by factors hypothesised to influence the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds (namely, smoking and dietary intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, folate, and polyphenols).Plant-sourced nitrate intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality [HRQ5vsQ1: 0.83 (0.80, 0.87)] while higher risks of all-cause mortality were seen for higher intakes of naturally occurring animal-sourced nitrate [1.09 (1.04, 1.14)], additive permitted meat-sourced nitrate [1.19 (1.14, 1.25)], and tap water-sourced nitrate [1.19 (1.14, 1.25)]. Similar source-dependent associations were seen for nitrite and for CVD-related and cancer-related mortality except that naturally occurring animal-sourced nitrate and tap water-sourced nitrate were not associated with cancer-related mortality and additive permitted meat-sourced nitrate was not associated with CVD-related mortality. No clear patterns emerged in stratified analyses.Nitrate/nitrite from plant sources are inversely associated while those from naturally occurring animal-sources, additive-permitted meat sources, and tap water-sources are positively associated with mortality.© 2024. The Author(s).