癌症恶病质 (CC) 是一种使人衰弱的综合征，影响 50-80% 的癌症患者，其发病率因癌症类型而异，并显着降低他们的生活质量。这种多因素综合征的特点是肌肉和脂肪减少、全身炎症和代谢失衡。细胞外囊泡（EV），包括外泌体和微泡，在 CC 的进展中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些囊泡由癌细胞和肿瘤环境中的其他细胞产生，通过转移蛋白质、脂质和核酸来促进细胞间通讯。对 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 等数据库文献的全面综述揭示了对 CC 中 EV 的形成、释放和摄取的见解，强调了它们作为诊断和预后生物标志物的潜力。该综述还探讨了针对 EV 的治疗策略，包括修改其释放和内容、利用其进行药物输送、从基因上改变其内容以及抑制关键的恶病质途径。了解 EV 在 CC 中的作用为诊断和治疗方法开辟了新途径，有可能减轻该综合征对患者生存和生活质量的影响。© 2024。作者。

Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating syndrome that affects 50-80% of cancer patients, varying in incidence by cancer type and significantly diminishing their quality of life. This multifactorial syndrome is characterized by muscle and fat loss, systemic inflammation, and metabolic imbalance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, play a crucial role in the progression of CC. These vesicles, produced by cancer cells and others within the tumor environment, facilitate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. A comprehensive review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science reveals insights into the formation, release, and uptake of EVs in CC, underscoring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The review also explores therapeutic strategies targeting EVs, which include modifying their release and content, utilizing them for drug delivery, genetically altering their contents, and inhibiting key cachexia pathways. Understanding the role of EVs in CC opens new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, potentially mitigating the syndrome's impact on patient survival and quality of life.© 2024. The Author(s).