使用免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICIs) 引发的免疫治疗革命始于 2011 年第一个 ICI 易普利姆玛 (ipilimumab) 的临床使用。此后，ICI 治疗领域迅速扩大 - FDA 批准了 10 种不同的 ICI 药物，到目前为止并将其纳入一系列恶性肿瘤的治疗方案中。虽然 ICI 显示出很高的抗癌功效，但它们也有特征性的副作用，称为免疫相关不良事件 (irAE)。这些副作用阻碍了 ICI 的治疗潜力，因此，找到预防和治疗这些副作用的方法至关重要。目前治疗 irAE 的方案遵循类固醇给药的经验路线，在更严重的情况下，则采用 ICI 撤药。然而，这种方法在许多情况下并不是最佳的，因为通常存在类固醇难治性 irAE，并且皮质类固醇的使用有可能促进肿瘤进展。本综述调查了当前治疗 irAE 的替代方法，目的是总结和强调治疗 irAE 的最佳尝试，同时不损害抗肿瘤免疫力，并允许在解决 irAE 后重新使用 ICI。© 2024 作者（ s）。约翰·威利出版的《英国药理学杂志》

The immunotherapy revolution with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) started with the clinical use of the first ICI, ipilimumab, in 2011. Since then, the field of ICI therapy has rapidly expanded - with the FDA approval of 10 different ICI drugs so far and their incorporation into the therapeutic regimens of a range of malignancies. While ICIs have shown high anti-cancer efficacy, they also have characteristic side effects, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These side effects hinder the therapeutic potential of ICIs and, therefore, finding ways to prevent and treat them is of paramount importance. The current protocols to manage irAEs follow an empirical route of steroid administration and, in more severe cases, ICI withdrawal. However, this approach is not optimal in many cases, as there are often steroid-refractory irAEs, and there is a potential for corticosteroid use to promote tumour progression. This review surveys the current alternative approaches to the treatments for irAEs, with the goal of summarizing and highlighting the best attempts to treat irAEs, without compromising anti-tumour immunity and allowing for rechallenge with ICIs after resolution of the irAEs.© 2024 The Author(s). British Journal of Pharmacology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Pharmacological Society.