肝细胞癌（HCC）具有较高的发病率和死亡率，并且HCC患者的生存率仍然较低。动物药物由于其不同结构的生物活性物质与人体具有高亲和力，在漫长的历史中一直被用作潜在的治疗工具。在这里，我们重点关注动物源性天然产物对 HCC 的作用和作用机制，这些天然产物在 Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Science Direct、Springer Link 和 EBSCO 等数据库中进行了检索。总共总结了来自 12 种动物的 24 种天然产物。我们的研究发现这些天然产物具有有效的抗肝细胞癌作用。作用机制涉及通过磷酸肌醇3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（Akt）/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点（mTOR）、Ras/诱导细胞凋亡、诱导自噬、抗增殖、抗迁移和抗耐药性。细胞外信号调节激酶 (ERK)/丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 (MAPK)、Wnt/β-连环蛋白和 Janus 激酶 (JAK)/信号转导和转录激活剂 (STAT) 途径。花蟾素注射液、斑蝥酸钠已用于临床应用，疗效良好。我们回顾了迄今为止动物源性天然产物及其衍生物在治疗 HCC 方面的潜力，并总结了其应用前景和毒副作用，希望为 HCC 的药物开发提供参考。Copyright © 2024 廖伟何，何、艾、郭、周、罗、李、文、曾、马。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high morbidity and mortality rate, and the survival rate of HCC patients remains low. Animal medicines have been used as potential therapeutic tools throughout the long history due to their different structures of biologically active substances with high affinity to the human body. Here, we focus on the effects and the mechanism of action of animal-derived natural products against HCC, which were searched in databases encompassing Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Springer Link, and EBSCO. A total of 24 natural products from 12 animals were summarized. Our study found that these natural products have potent anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects. The mechanism of action involving apoptosis induction, autophagy induction, anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and anti-drug resistance via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras/extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Wnt/β-catenin, and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways. Huachansu injection and sodium cantharidate have been used in clinical applications with good efficacy. We review the potential of animal-derived natural products and their derivatives in the treatment of HCC to date and summarize their application prospect and toxic side effects, hoping to provide a reference for drug development for HCC.Copyright © 2024 Liao, Wei, He, He, Ai, Guo, Zhou, Luo, Li, Wen, Zeng and Ma.