乳腺癌是对女性健康的最大威胁之一。所有乳腺癌亚型的治疗都在不断改善，但某些亚型（例如三阴性乳腺癌）仍然面临重大的治疗挑战。此外，转移和局部复发是乳腺癌治疗中两个普遍存在的问题。一种新型疗法——免疫疗法，可能为难以治疗的亚型提供传统疗法的替代方案。免疫疗法利用宿主的免疫系统来根除疾病，并有可能诱导持久、持久的反应。然而，全身免疫疗法仅在有限的适应症中获得批准，并且仅使少数患者受益。此外，全身施用强效免疫调节剂后的免疫相关毒性限制了剂量，从而限制了疗效。为了解决这些安全考虑并提高治疗效果，人们对肿瘤部位局部递送的兴趣有所增加。许多瘤内递送的免疫疗法已经并正在临床和临床前探索，包括单克隆抗体、细胞疗法、病毒、核酸、细胞因子、先天免疫激动剂和细菌。本综述总结了当前和过去的乳腺癌瘤内免疫治疗临床情况以及目前临床前研究取得的进展，重点是给药参数和注意事项。版权所有 © 2024 Mantooth、Abdou、Saez-Ibañez、Upadhaya 和 Zaharoff 。

Breast cancer poses one of the largest threats to women's health. Treatment continues to improve for all the subtypes of breast cancer, but some subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancer, still present a significant treatment challenge. Additionally, metastasis and local recurrence are two prevalent problems in breast cancer treatment. A newer type of therapy, immunotherapy, may offer alternatives to traditional treatments for difficult-to-treat subtypes. Immunotherapy engages the host's immune system to eradicate disease, with the potential to induce long-lasting, durable responses. However, systemic immunotherapy is only approved in a limited number of indications, and it benefits only a minority of patients. Furthermore, immune related toxicities following systemic administration of potent immunomodulators limit dosing and, consequently, efficacy. To address these safety considerations and improve treatment efficacy, interest in local delivery at the site of the tumor has increased. Numerous intratumorally delivered immunotherapeutics have been and are being explored clinically and preclinically, including monoclonal antibodies, cellular therapies, viruses, nucleic acids, cytokines, innate immune agonists, and bacteria. This review summarizes the current and past intratumoral immunotherapy clinical landscape in breast cancer as well as current progress that has been made in preclinical studies, with a focus on delivery parameters and considerations.Copyright © 2024 Mantooth, Abdou, Saez-Ibañez, Upadhaya and Zaharoff.