甲状腺癌的复发率可高达30%。本研究的目的是检测甲状腺癌患者甲状腺切除术后尿液外泌体肽水平的变化，以确定该水平是否可以预测复发风险。 20岁以上新诊断患有乳头状甲状腺癌并接受甲状腺切除术的患者被招募了。在参加研究后 12 个月和一年后收集尿液样本。对含有不同肽的尿液外泌体进行了鉴定和比较。该研究总共入组了70名患者，并按照手术和入组之间的时间间隔进行分类：42名患者从手术到入组之间<5年，14名患者在5-10年之间，14名患者年龄超过10年。入组后 2 年内未观察到任何患者复发。组间或时间间隔之间的血清蛋白或尿液外泌体肽水平没有发现显着差异。已知的高危甲状腺癌危险因素与血清蛋白水平和尿液外泌体肽仅有轻微相关性。我们的研究揭示了接受甲状腺切除术的甲状腺癌患者血清蛋白和尿液外泌体肽的长期基础波动范围。对于甲状腺切除术后的高危患者，血清蛋白或尿液外泌体肽浓度在该范围内可能表明长期随访期间甲状腺癌复发的风险较低。ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT03488134.© 2024 Wang et al.

The recurrence rate of thyroid cancer can be as high as 30%. The purpose of this study was to examine changes of urine exosomal peptide levels after thyroidectomy in patients with thyroid cancer to determine if levels can predict the risk of recurrence.Patients >20 years old as newly diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer who had received a thyroidectomy were recruited. Urine samples were collected at 12 months after enrollment to the study, and 1 year later. Urine exosomes containing different peptides were identified and compared.A total of 70 patients were enrolled in the study, and were classified by the interval between surgery and enrollment: 42 patients with < 5 years between surgery and enrollment, 14 patients between 5-10 years, and 14 patients longer than 10 years. No recurrence was observed in any patient during the 2 years after enrollment. No significant differences were found in the levels of serum proteins or urine exosomal peptides between groups, or between intervals. Known risk factors for high-risk thyroid cancer had only a mild correlation with serum protein levels and urine exosomal peptides.Our study revealed the long-term basal fluctuation ranges of serum proteins and urine exosomal peptides in patients with thyroid cancer who underwent thyroidectomy. For high-risk patients after thyroidectomy, concentrations of serum proteins or urine exosomal peptides within the ranges may indicate there is a lower risk of thyroid cancer recurrence during long-term follow-up.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03488134.© 2024 Wang et al.