用于肺癌的免疫检查点抑制剂疗法显着改变了反应和生存率，然而，对患者营养状况的影响在很大程度上仍未被探索。本综述旨在识别增加接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者营养风险的常见不良事件，并评估对营养状况的影响。 2023 年 9 月系统检索了 PubMed、Medline 和 CINAHL 的随机对照试验，比较免疫检查点抑制剂治疗非小细胞肺癌作为对照组。提取并定性分析了在患者主观总体评估和临床指南中发现的增加营养影响症状的治疗相关不良事件。使用 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具 2 评估偏倚风险。确定并分析了 11 项符合条件的随机对照试验研究。数据表明，与化疗治疗相比，免疫检查点抑制剂治疗与报告的营养影响症状（例如食欲下降、恶心、呕吐）的百分比较低相关。相反，接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的患者出现改变代谢或营养吸收的免疫相关不良事件的比例更高。接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者仍然会出现营养影响症状，但频率低于接受化疗的患者。再加上免疫检查点抑制剂治疗引起的结肠炎和甲状腺疾病与营养相关的独特后果，表明应对患者进行筛查、评估和实施干预措施以改善营养。© 2024 澳大利亚营养师。

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy used for lung cancer has significantly changed response and survival rates, however, the impact on patients' nutritional status remains largely unexplored. This review aims to identify common adverse events that increase nutrition risk induced in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and assess impact on nutritional status.PubMed, Medline and CINAHL were systematically searched in September 2023 for randomised controlled trials comparing immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment of non-small cell lung cancer to a control group. Treatment-related adverse events that increased nutrition impact symptoms identified in the patient-generated subjective global assessment and clinical guidelines were extracted and qualitatively analysed. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.Eleven eligible randomised controlled trial studies were identified and analysed. The data demonstrated immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment was associated with a lower percentage of reported nutrition impact symptoms, for example, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, compared to chemotherapy treatment. Conversely, immune checkpoint inhibitor treated patients recorded a greater percentage of immune-related adverse events that alter metabolism or nutrient absorption.Non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors still experience nutrition impact symptoms but less frequently than patients treated with chemotherapy. This combined with unique nutrition-related consequences from colitis and thyroid disorders induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy indicates patients should be screened, assessed and interventions implemented to improve nutrition.© 2024 Dietitians Australia.