干细胞样 T 细胞的特点是具有自我更新、长期存活以及产生异质效应 T 细胞和记忆 T 细胞库的能力。单细胞 RNA 测序 (scRNA-seq) 和谱系追踪技术的最新进展揭示了干细胞样 T 细胞在自身免疫和癌症中的重要作用。在癌症中，干细胞样 T 细胞通过产生介导肿瘤控制的效应 T 细胞，构成抗肿瘤免疫反应的重要组成部分。相比之下，在自身免疫中，干细胞样 T 细胞通过形成长寿的自身反应性细胞库来补充致病性效应 T 细胞库，从而驱动疾病病理，从而发挥不利的作用。这篇综述提供了干细胞样 T 细胞的发现及其在癌症和自身免疫中的功能的背景。此外，还总结了微生物群和代谢对干细胞样 T 细胞池的影响。最后，我们将讨论我们对类干 T 细胞的了解对癌症和自身免疫临床治疗策略的影响。© 2024 John Wiley

Stem-like T cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew, survive long-term, and give rise to a heterogeneous pool of effector and memory T cells. Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and lineage tracing technologies revealed an important role for stem-like T cells in both autoimmunity and cancer. In cancer, stem-like T cells constitute an important arm of the anti-tumor immune response by giving rise to effector T cells that mediate tumor control. In contrast, in autoimmunity stem-like T cells perform an unfavorable role by forming a reservoir of long-lived autoreactive cells that replenish the pathogenic, effector T-cell pool and thereby driving disease pathology. This review provides background on the discovery of stem-like T cells and their function in cancer and autoimmunity. Moreover, the influence of the microbiota and metabolism on the stem-like T-cell pool is summarized. Lastly, the implications of our knowledge about stem-like T cells for clinical treatment strategies for cancer and autoimmunity will be discussed.© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.