益生菌通过调节肠脑轴对神经系统产生有益影响。此外，补充维生素 D 是改善神经心理疾病的潜在方法，特别是在维生素 D 缺乏症发病率较高的地区。当前的临床试验旨在研究同时补充益生菌和维生素 D 对不同炎症方面的作用帕金森病患者。从伊朗德黑兰功能神经外科研究中心招募了 46 名帕金森病患者。这些患者被随机分配到两个治疗组之一：A 组接受益生菌/维生素 D 补充剂 (n = 23)，B 组接受安慰剂胶囊 (n = 23)，为期 12 周。主要结局包括干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)、白细胞介素 1 β (IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、总抗氧化能力 (TAC) 和丙二醛在基线和试验结束时评估血清中的丙二醛（MDA）。此外，还评估了其他基于问卷的因素，包括胃肠道症状评定量表 (GSRS)、贝克焦虑量表 (BAI) 和统一帕金森病评定量表 (UPDRS)。我们的研究结果表明，服用益生菌/维生素 D 补充剂会导致与安慰剂组相比，IL-1β、INF-γ、IL-6 和 MDA 水平显着降低，而 IL-10 和 TAC 水平显着升高（P < 0.05）。此外，与安慰剂组相比，它还导致帕金森病患者的疾病严重程度、焦虑和胃肠道问题显着降低（P<0.05）。一方面考虑到炎症在帕金森病发病机制中的公认作用，另一方面另一方面，益生菌和维生素 D 具有公认的抗炎和抗氧化作用，同时服用益生菌和维生素 D 补充剂对于帕金森病患者来说是一种有前途且可能有效的治疗选择。© 2024。作者，获得 Springer-Verlag GmbH 德国（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

Probiotics have beneficial effects on the nervous system by modulating the gut-brain axis. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation presents a potential way for ameliorating neuropsychological disorders, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.The current clinical trial aimed to investigate the role of co-administered supplementation of probiotics and Vitamin D on the different inflammatory aspects of patients with Parkinson's disease.Forty-six patients with PD were recruited From the Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Tehran, Iran. These patients were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups: Group A, who received probiotic/vitamin D supplements (n = 23), and Group B who received placebo capsules (n = 23) for 12 weeks. As primary outcomes, Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were evaluated at the baseline and the end of the trial. Moreover, Additional questionnaire-based factors including gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were evaluated.Our findings demonstrated that the consumption of probiotic/vitamin D supplements leads to a significant decrease in IL-1β, INF-γ, IL-6, and MDA levels, while showing a significant increase in IL-10 and TAC levels compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Additionally, it leads to a significant decrease in the disease severity, anxiety, and gastrointestinal problems in PD patients in comparison to the placebo group (P < 0.05).Given the acknowledged role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease on one hand, and the recognized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects associated with probiotics and vitamin D on the other hand, the concurrent administration of probiotics and vitamin D supplements emerges as a promising and potentially effective treatment option for individuals with PD.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.