虽然基于调强放射治疗的综合治疗可以提高疗效，但癌症患者的五年生存率仍然较低，复发率较高。导致癌症患者预后不良的主要因素是辐射耐受性。一类内源性非编码 RNA，称为 microRNA (miRNA)，控制真核生物中的各种生物过程。这些 miRNA 影响肿瘤细胞的生长、死亡、迁移、侵袭和转移，从而控制人类癌症的发展和扩散。 miRNA 的不平衡表达与预后和放射治疗敏感性之间的相关性已明确。 miRNA 对 DNA 修复、上皮间质转化 (EMT) 和肿瘤放射反应干性的调节具有重大影响。但由于无线电电阻是一种复杂的现象，需要进一步研究才能充分理解这些机制。放射反应率根据所使用的方式而有所不同，其中包括递送方法、放射剂量、肿瘤分期和级别、混杂的医学并发症以及内在的肿瘤微环境。在此，我们总结了 miRNA 促进人类肿瘤抗辐射的可能机制。© 2024。作者获得 Springer Science Business Media, LLC（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

While intensity-modulated radiation therapy-based comprehensive therapy increases outcomes, cancer patients still have a low five-year survival rate and a high recurrence rate. The primary factor contributing to cancer patients' poor prognoses is radiation resistance. A class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), controls various biological processes in eukaryotes. These miRNAs influence tumor cell growth, death, migration, invasion, and metastasis, which controls how human carcinoma develops and spreads. The correlation between the unbalanced expression of miRNAs and the prognosis and sensitivity to radiation therapy is well-established. MiRNAs have a significant impact on the regulation of DNA repair, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness in the tumor radiation response. But because radio resistance is a complicated phenomena, further research is required to fully comprehend these mechanisms. Radiation response rates vary depending on the modality used, which includes the method of delivery, radiation dosage, tumor stage and grade, confounding medical co-morbidities, and intrinsic tumor microenvironment. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms through which miRNAs contribute to human tumors' resistance to radiation.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.