卡介苗 (BCG) 治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌 (NMIBC) 是一种成熟的免疫疗法，然而，很大一部分患者对治疗没有反应。尽管对卡介苗的治疗机制进行了广泛的研究，但我们的理解仍然存在差距。本综述特别关注在 NMIBC 的 BCG 治疗背景下免疫微环境中表观基因组的贡献。我们还总结了目前对 NMIBC 表观遗传特征的理解，并讨论了未来 BCG 治疗的靶向策略应如何将表观基因组生物标志物与基因组生物标志物结合起来。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is an established immunotherapeutic, however, a significant portion of patients do not respond to treatment. Despite extensive research into the therapeutic mechanism of BCG, gaps remain in our understanding. This review specifically focuses on the epigenomic contributions in the immune microenvironment, in the context of BCG treatment for NMIBC. We also summarise the current understanding of NMIBC epigenetic characteristics, and discuss how future targeted strategies for BCG therapy should incorporate both epigenomic biomarkers in conjunction with genomic biomarkers.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.