机理探索是毒理学研究的重要组成部分。然而，传统的细胞和动物模型已不能满足当前毒理机制深入研究的需求。源自人胚胎干细胞（hESC）或诱导多能干细胞（hiPSC）的三维（3D）类器官是研究毒理学效应和机制的理想实验模型，它进一步再现了人体组织微环境，并提供了可靠的毒理效应和机制的实验模型。研究复杂细胞间相互作用的方法。本文全面概述了 3D 类器官技术在毒理学研究中的现状，包括对现有文献的文献计量分析以及对毒理学机制最新进展的探索。 3D类器官在毒理学研究中的应用迅速增长，在疾病建模、器官芯片、药物毒性筛查等方面的应用受到重视，但国家/地区、机构和研究学者之间的学术交流有待进一步加强。研究重金属、纳米颗粒、药物和有机污染物等外源化学物质毒理学机制的尝试也在不断增加。可以预期，通过建立标准化方法，3D类器官可以更好地应用于外源性化学物质的安全性评估。© 2024。作者获得 Springer-Verlag GmbH 德国（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

A mechanism exploration is an important part of toxicological studies. However, traditional cell and animal models can no longer meet the current needs for in-depth studies of toxicological mechanisms. The three-dimensional (3D) organoid derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) is an ideal experimental model for the study of toxicological effects and mechanisms, which further recapitulates the human tissue microenvironment and provides a reliable method for studying complex cell-cell interactions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the 3D organoid technology in toxicological studies, including a bibliometric analysis of the existing literature and an exploration of the latest advances in toxicological mechanisms. The use of 3D organoids in toxicology research is growing rapidly, with applications in disease modeling, organ-on-chips, and drug toxicity screening being emphasized, but academic communications among countries/regions, institutions, and research scholars need to be further strengthened. Attempts to study the toxicological mechanisms of exogenous chemicals such as heavy metals, nanoparticles, drugs and organic pollutants are also increasing. It can be expected that 3D organoids can be better applied to the safety evaluation of exogenous chemicals by establishing a standardized methodology.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.