三阴性乳腺癌 (TNBC) 是一种高度侵袭性和转移性恶性肿瘤，治疗效果不佳。肿瘤微环境 (TME) 和乳腺癌干细胞 (BCSC) 之间的相互作用在 TNBC 的发展中发挥着重要作用。由于其自我更新和多向分化的能力，BCSC 维持肿瘤生长，驱动转移定植，并促进耐药性的发展。 TME是调节BCSC表型和转移的主要因素。 TME 内的免疫细胞、癌症相关成纤维细胞 (CAF)、细胞因子、间充质细胞、内皮细胞和细胞外基质形成复杂的通讯网络，对肿瘤施加高度选择性压力，并为 BCSC 生态位的形成提供有利的环境。通过靶向 TME 消除 BCSC 生态位或靶向 BCSC 修改 TME 可以控制肿瘤生长和转移。这些方法可以改善治疗结果，并在临床环境中具有巨大的应用潜力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 BCSC 与 TNBC 的进展和耐药性之间的关系，特别关注 BCSC 与 TME 之间的相互作用。此外，我们还讨论了针对 TME 抑制或消除 BCSC 的治疗策略，为 TNBC 的临床治疗提供了宝贵的见解。© 2024 Wiley periodicals LLC。

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignancy with poor treatment outcomes. The interaction between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) plays an important role in the development of TNBC. Owing to their ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, BCSCs maintain tumor growth, drive metastatic colonization, and facilitate the development of drug resistance. TME is the main factor regulating the phenotype and metastasis of BCSCs. Immune cells, cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs), cytokines, mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix within the TME form a complex communication network, exert highly selective pressure on the tumor, and provide a conducive environment for the formation of BCSC niches. Tumor growth and metastasis can be controlled by targeting the TME to eliminate BCSC niches or targeting BCSCs to modify the TME. These approaches may improve the treatment outcomes and possess great application potential in clinical settings. In this review, we summarized the relationship between BCSCs and the progression and drug resistance of TNBC, especially focusing on the interaction between BCSCs and TME. In addition, we discussed therapeutic strategies that target the TME to inhibit or eliminate BCSCs, providing valuable insights into the clinical treatment of TNBC.© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.