CD4 CD25 Foxp3 调节性 T 细胞 (Treg) 是免疫系统的重要组成部分，负责维持免疫稳态并防止过度免疫反应。本综述探讨了调节 Treg 细胞的细胞因子的信号通路，包括转化生长因子 β (TGF-β)、白细胞介素 (IL)-2、IL-10 和 IL-35，这些细胞因子促进分化并增强免疫抑制能力特雷格斯。相反，它还研究了 IL-6 和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 介导的信号如何破坏 Treg 抑制功能，甚至驱动其重编程为效应 T 细胞。 B7 家族包含 T 细胞激活不可或缺的共刺激因子。在其成员中，本次综述重点关注 CTLA-4 和 PD-1 调节 Tregs 分化、功能和存活的能力。由于 Tregs 在维持免疫稳态中发挥着重要作用，因此它们的功能障碍会导致自身免疫性疾病的发病机制。这篇综述深入探讨了采用基于 Treg 的免疫疗法治疗自身免疫性疾病、移植排斥和癌症的潜力。通过阐明这些主题，本文旨在增强我们对细胞因子对 Tregs 的调节及其对各种病理状况的治疗潜力的理解。版权所有 © 2024 Zong、Deng 和 Chong。

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a vital component of the immune system, are responsible for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. This review explores the signaling pathways of the cytokines that regulate Treg cells, including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and IL-35, which foster the differentiation and enhance the immunosuppressive capabilities of Tregs. It also examines how, conversely, signals mediated by IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α) can undermine Treg suppressive functions or even drive their reprogramming into effector T cells. The B7 family comprises indispensable co-stimulators for T cell activation. Among its members, this review focuses on the capacity of CTLA-4 and PD-1 to regulate the differentiation, function, and survival of Tregs. As Tregs play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis, their dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This review delves into the potential of employing Treg-based immunotherapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and cancer. By shedding light on these topics, this article aims to enhance our understanding of the regulation of Tregs by cytokines and their therapeutic potential for various pathological conditions.Copyright © 2024 Zong, Deng and Chong.