RNA 5-甲基胞嘧啶 (m5C) 甲基化在肝细胞癌 (HCC) 中发挥着至关重要的作用。据报道，异常的 m5C 甲基化与 HCC 的进展、治疗效果和预后密切相关。先天免疫系统是机体抵抗病原感染和肿瘤的主要防御机制，它可以通过模式识别受体激活先天免疫通路，发挥抗感染和抗肿瘤作用。最近，m5C甲基化已被证明可以通过调节RNA功能影响先天免疫通路的激活，包括TLR、cGAS-STING和RIG-I通路，揭示了肿瘤细胞调节先天免疫反应的新机制。然而，m5C 甲基化及其与先天免疫途径相互作用的研究仍处于起步阶段。因此，本文详细介绍了RNA m5C甲基化在HCC中的生物学意义，并讨论了其与TLR、cGAS-STING和RIG-I通路的潜在调控关系，从而为RNA甲基化在先天免疫机制和治疗中的作用提供了新的见解HCC 的版权所有 © 2024 孟江涛、海松、梅、龙和山峰。

RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methylation plays a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As reported, aberrant m5C methylation is closely associated with the progression, therapeutic efficacy, and prognosis of HCC. The innate immune system functions as the primary defense mechanism in the body against pathogenic infections and tumors since it can activate innate immune pathways through pattern recognition receptors to exert anti-infection and anti-tumor effects. Recently, m5C methylation has been demonstrated to affect the activation of innate immune pathways including TLR, cGAS-STING, and RIG-I pathways by modulating RNA function, unveiling new mechanisms underlying the regulation of innate immune responses by tumor cells. However, research on m5C methylation and its interplay with innate immune pathways is still in its infancy. Therefore, this review details the biological significance of RNA m5C methylation in HCC and discusses its potential regulatory relationship with TLR, cGAS-STING, and RIG-I pathways, thereby providing fresh insights into the role of RNA methylation in the innate immune mechanisms and treatment of HCC.Copyright © 2024 Meng, Jiangtao, Haisong, Mei, Long and Shanfeng.