宫颈癌主要由人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染引起，对全球健康构成重大挑战。由于贫困和健康不平等程度较高，世界各地的土著妇女比非土著妇女更容易患宫颈癌。然而，尽管该地区原住民占拉丁美洲和加勒比地区 (LAC) 人口的近 10%，但其宫颈癌负担的真实程度仍然很大程度上未知。本文回顾了拉丁美洲和加勒比地区土著妇女宫颈癌发病率和死亡率以及 HPV 感染患病率的现有信息。有限的现有数据表明，与非土著妇女相比，该地区的土著妇女面临着更高的宫颈癌发病率和死亡率风险。尽管如此，仍然存在巨大的知识差距，必须解决这一问题，以全面评估土著居民的宫颈癌负担，特别是通过加强拉丁美洲和加勒比国家的癌症监测。本文已查明并回顾了全球范围内阻碍原住民妇女获得 HPV 疫苗接种和宫颈癌筛查的众多结构、社会和文化障碍。讨论强调了文化敏感教育、社区参与和赋权战略在克服这些障碍方面的关键作用。本文借鉴某些高收入国家针对性战略的成功经验，倡导针对拉美和加勒比地区国家的独特情况制定研究、政策和医疗保健干预措施。版权所有 © 2024 Muslin。

Cervical cancer, primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, poses a significant global health challenge. Due to higher levels of poverty and health inequities, Indigenous women worldwide are more vulnerable to cervical cancer than their non-Indigenous counterparts. However, despite constituting nearly 10% of the population in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), the true extent of the burden of cervical cancer among Indigenous people in this region remains largely unknown. This article reviews the available information on cervical cancer incidence and mortality, as well as HPV infection prevalence, among Indigenous women in LAC. The limited existing data suggest that Indigenous women in this region face a heightened risk of cervical cancer incidence and mortality compared to non-Indigenous women. Nevertheless, a substantial knowledge gap persists that must be addressed to comprehensively assess the burden of cervical cancer among Indigenous populations, especially through enhancing cancer surveillance across LAC countries. Numerous structural, social and cultural barriers hindering Indigenous women's access to HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening worldwide have been identified and are reviewed in this article. The discussion highlights the critical role of culturally sensitive education, community engagement, and empowerment strategies in overcoming those barriers. Drawing insights from the success of targeted strategies in certain high-income countries, the present article advocates for research, policies and healthcare interventions tailored to the unique context of LAC countries.Copyright © 2024 Muslin.