液-液相分离是一种新颖的生化现象，其医学应用受到越来越多的研究。它是无膜细胞器形成的基础，并参与许多细胞和生物过程。在转录调控过程中，动态缩合物是通过转录因子、共激活子和介体等转录元件之间的相互作用形成的。癌症是一种以不受控制的细胞增殖为特征的疾病，但肿瘤发生的确切机制通常仍有待阐明。新的证据已将异常转录缩合物与多种疾病（尤其是癌症）联系起来，这意味着相分离在肿瘤发生中发挥着重要作用。相分离形成的冷凝物可能对肿瘤中的基因转录产生影响。在本综述中，我们重点关注相分离和转录调控之间的相关性，以及这种现象如何促进癌症的发展。

Liquid-liquid phase separation, a novel biochemical phenomenon, has been increasingly studied for its medical applications. It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biological processes. During transcriptional regulation, dynamic condensates are formed through interactions between transcriptional elements, such as transcription factors, coactivators, and mediators. Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, but the precise mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated. Emerging evidence has linked abnormal transcriptional condensates to several diseases, especially cancer, implying that phase separation plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Condensates formed by phase separation may have an effect on gene transcription in tumors. In the present review, we focus on the correlation between phase separation and transcriptional regulation, as well as how this phenomenon contributes to cancer development.