膀胱癌是全球男性中普遍存在的肿瘤，因其具有侵袭性和转移倾向而具有明显的恶性特征。单宁酸 (TA) 是许多植物中的一种有机化合物，最近因其明显的抗突变特性而受到关注。这项研究致力于仔细研究 TA 对 II 级膀胱癌的影响，重点是揭示其抗癌机制。使用多种技术研究TA对II级膀胱癌细胞的细胞毒性作用，包括MTT测定、流式细胞术、TUNEL测定和蛋白质印迹。我们的研究结果表明，TA 浓度升高会诱导 II 级膀胱癌细胞的细胞毒性作用。流式细胞术和 TUNEL 测定都证实了 TA 促进细胞凋亡的剂量依赖性能力。 Western blot 分析证实，膀胱癌细胞中的 TA 处理导致 cleaved caspase-3 表达和 PARP 上调。此外，增加 TA 剂量会导致膀胱癌细胞内促凋亡蛋白 Bax 和 Bak 的表达增加，同时抗凋亡蛋白 Bcl-2 的表达减少。这项研究证实 TA 是一种潜在的抗癌剂，可明显降低膀胱癌细胞的活力。 TA 通过激活线粒体凋亡途径发挥细胞毒性。具体来说，TA 启动 PARP 和 caspase-3 的裂解，同时增加促凋亡蛋白的表达以促进细胞凋亡。总的来说，本研究表明 TA 通过内在线粒体途径引发细胞凋亡，有效阻止膀胱癌细胞的增殖。© 2024。作者获得 Springer Science Business Media, LLC（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

Bladder cancer stands as a prevailing neoplasm among men globally, distinguished for its pronounced malignancy attributed to invasiveness and metastatic proclivity. Tannic acid (TA), an organic compound in many plants, has garnered recent attention for its discernible anti-mutagenic attributes. This investigation endeavored to scrutinize the repercussions of TA on grade II bladder cancer, with a concerted focus on unraveling its anti-cancer mechanisms. The cytotoxic effects of TA on grade II bladder cancer cells were investigated using multiple techniques, including MTT assay, flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, and western blot. Our findings revealed that elevated concentrations of TA induced cytotoxic effects in grade II bladder cancer cells. Both flow cytometry and the TUNEL assay substantiated the dose-dependent capacity of TA to prompt apoptosis. Western blot analysis corroborated that TA treatment in bladder cancer cells resulted in the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 expression and PARP. Furthermore, heightened TA dosage elicited an augmentation in the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, namely Bax and Bak, alongside a reduction in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 within bladder cancer cells. This study confirms TA as a potential anticancer agent, demonstrably diminishing the viability of bladder cancer cells. TA exerts cytotoxicity through the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Specifically, TA initiates the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3, concurrently augmenting the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins to facilitate apoptosis. Collectively, the present study indicates that TA effectively impedes the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by instigating apoptosis through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.