在基因表达的调控中，非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 等表观遗传因子在遗传学中发挥着同等的作用。 microRNA (miRNA) 是 ncRNA 家族的成员，在转录后基因调控中的作用已得到充分证明，并且对正常和异常的生物过程（例如血管生成、增殖、存活和凋亡）具有重要影响。本研究的目的是通过分析各种数据库已发表的结果来综合先前关于 miR-449a 的研究，因为已经有许多关于 miR-449 可能参与人类疾病发展的研究。根据我们的研究结果，miR-449在多种疾病中严重失调，从各种癌症到心血管疾病、认知障碍和呼吸系统疾病，它可能在这些问题的发展中发挥关键作用。此外，miR-449a 作为几个众所周知的基因表达的关键调节因子，包括 E2F-3、BCL2、NOTCH1 和 SOX4。这反过来又调节与癌症相关的各种途径和过程，包括Notch、PI3K和TGF-β，并有助于提高癌症药物敏感性。奇怪的是，这种 miRNA 表达的异常可以作为区分健康人和患者或评估特定疾病的生存率的诊断或预后指标。本文概述了目前对 miR-449a 通过调节基因表达以及与这些基因及其相关过程相关的生物过程在人类疾病发展中的作用的理解。此外，我们还讨论了 miR-449a 作为一系列肿瘤和非肿瘤疾病的临床特征（诊断和预后）指标的潜力。总的来说，我们的目标是全面了解 miR-449a 在不同疾病中的众多功能。© 2024。作者获得 Springer Science Business Media, LLC（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

In the regulation of gene expression, epigenetic factors like non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an equal role in genetics. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are members of the ncRNA family, in post-transcriptional gene regulation is well-documented and has important implications for both normal and abnormal biological processes, such as angiogenesis, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to synthesize previous research on miR-449a by analyzing published results from various databases, as there have been a number of investigations on miR-449's potential involvement in the development of human disorders. Based on our findings, miR-449 is strongly dysregulated in a wide range of diseases, from various cancers to cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairments, and respiratory diseases, and it may play a pivotal role in the development of these problems. In addition, miR-449a functions as a crucial regulator of the expression of several well-known genes, including E2F-3, BCL2, NOTCH1, and SOX4. This, in turn, modulates various pathways and processes related to cancer, including Notch, PI3K, and TGF-β, and contributes to the improvement of cancer drug sensitivity. Curiously, abnormalities in the expression of this miRNA may serve as diagnostic or prognostic indicators for distinguishing between healthy people and patients or to evaluate the survival rates for specific disorders. This article provides a synopsis of the current understanding of miR-449a's role in human disease development through its regulation of gene expression and the biological processes related to these genes and their linked processes. In addition, we have covered the topic of miR-449a's potential as a clinical feature (diagnosis and prognosis) indicator for a range of disorders, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic. In general, our goal was to gain a thorough comprehension of the numerous functions of miR-449a in different disorders.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.