结直肠癌是一个全球性的健康问题，发病率和死亡率很高。手术、化疗和放射治疗等传统治疗方法在提高患者生存率方面存在局限性。最近的研究强调了肠道微生物群和肠道干细胞在维持肠道健康中的作用及其在结直肠癌治疗中的潜在治疗应用。肠道微生物群和干细胞之间的相互作用影响上皮自我更新和整体肠道稳态。人们正在探索新的治疗方法，包括免疫疗法、靶向治疗、利用干细胞的再生医学以及肠道微生物群的调节，以改善治疗结果。因此，本章概述了肠道微生物群和肠道干细胞在治疗结直肠癌中的潜在治疗应用。© 2024。作者，获得 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 的独家许可。

Colorectal cancer is a global health concern with high incidence and mortality rates. Conventional treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have limitations in improving patient survival rates. Recent research highlights the role of gut microbiota and intestinal stem cells in maintaining intestinal health and their potential therapeutic applications in colorectal cancer treatment. The interaction between gut microbiota and stem cells influences epithelial self-renewal and overall intestinal homeostasis. Novel therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, regenerative medicine using stem cells, and modulation of gut microbiota, are being explored to improve treatment outcomes. Accordingly, this chapter provides an overview of the potential therapeutic applications of gut microbiota and intestinal stem cells in treating colorectal cancer.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.