肺小细胞癌（SCLC）和大细胞神经内分泌癌（LCNEC）在临床上常被视为与神经内分泌癌同一类别，其临床差异尚未得到充分评估。术后预后进行回顾性分析使用 196 例因 SCLC 或 LCNEC 接受切除术的患者的数据进行分析。在纳入的患者中，99 例 (50.5%) 患有 SCLC，97 例 (49.5%) 患有 LCNEC。 SCLC 和 LCNEC 的中位随访时间分别为 39 个月（四分位距 [IQR] 21-76）和 56 个月（IQR 21-87）。 SCLC 和 LCNEC 患者的估计 5 年总生存 (OS) 概率分别为 53.7% 和 62.7% (p = 0.133)。在 SCLC 组中，多变量分析显示辅助化疗（风险比 0.54，95% 置信区间 0.30-0.99，p = 0.04）是唯一与 OS 显着相关的因素。在 LCNEC 组中，单变量分析表明，病理分期 I (p = 0.01) 是与术后 OS 改善相关的唯一因素。我们发现 SCLC 和 LCNEC 具有不同的临床特征；对于 SCLC 患者，由于术后辅助化疗可望显着改善 OS，因此任何病理分期的切除 SCLC 患者都应接受辅助化疗。对于 LCNEC 患者，由于病理 I 期 LCNEC 比任何其他分期都与更好的预后相关，因此应根据目前的指南进行彻底的临床分期，包括侵入性分期，以最准确地识别临床 I 期 LCNEC。© 2024。肿瘤外科学会。

Both small-cell carcinoma (SCLC) and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung are often clinically dealt with as being in the same category as neuroendocrine carcinoma, and their clinical differences have not been adequately assessed.The postoperative prognosis was retrospectively analyzed using the data of 196 patients who underwent resection for SCLC or LCNEC.Of the patients included, 99 (50.5%) had SCLC and 97 (49.5%) had LCNEC. The median duration of follow-up was 39 months (interquartile range [IQR] 21-76) and 56 months (IQR 21-87) for SCLC and LCNEC, respectively. The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities were 53.7% and 62.7% (p = 0.133) for patients with SCLC and LCNEC, respectively. In the SCLC group, a multivariate analysis showed that adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.30-0.99, p = 0.04) was the only factor that was significantly associated with OS. In the LCNEC group, univariate analyses demonstrated that pathologic stage I (p = 0.01) was the only factor that was associated with better OS after surgery.We found different clinical features in SCLC and LCNEC; in patients with SCLC, because OS could be expected to significantly improve with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, patients with resected SCLC of any pathologic stage should receive adjuvant chemotherapy. For patients with LCNEC, because pathologic stage I LCNEC is related to better prognosis than any other stages, a thorough clinical staging, including invasive staging, according to present guidelines should be performed to identify clinical stage I LCNEC with the highest certainty.© 2024. Society of Surgical Oncology.