全球对癌症的持续关注需要开发先进的诊断和治疗策略。最近的大多数检测策略都涉及生物标志物的使用。程序性死亡配体 1 (PD-L1) 是癌症免疫治疗效果和患者预后的一个关键生物标志物，它是一种关键的免疫检查点蛋白。 PD-L1 与癌症进展和治疗反应尤其相关。目前的检测方法，例如酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），面临着成本高、耗时和复杂等限制。本研究介绍了一种基于微悬臂梁的生物传感器，设计用于检测可溶性 PD-L1 (sPD-L1)，它与 ​​PD-L1 具有特定的关联。该生物传感器利用抗PD-L1作为传感层，利用抗PD-L1和sPD-L1之间的特异性结合亲和力。通过原子力显微镜 (AFM) 和接触角测量证实了传感层的存在。 sPD-L1 和抗 PD-L1 之间的结合会引起微悬臂梁共振频率的变化，该频率与 PD-L1 浓度成正比。值得注意的是，共振频率偏移与生物标志物浓度的增加（范围从 0.05 ng/ml 到 500 ng/ml）呈现出稳健的线性关系。生物传感器的检测限确定为大约 10 pg/ml。该生物传感器即使在复杂的生物基质中也能以高特异性检测 PD-L1，表现出优异的性能。这种创新方法不仅为早期癌症诊断提供了一种有前途的工具，而且还具有监测免疫治疗疗效的潜力，为个性化和有效的癌症治疗铺平了道路。© 2024 作者。

The ongoing global concern of cancer worldwide necessitates the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The majority of recent detection strategies involve the employment of biomarkers. A critical biomarker for cancer immunotherapy efficacy and patient prognosis is Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is a key immune checkpoint protein. PD-L1 can be particularly linked to cancer progression and therapy response. Current detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), face limitations like high cost, time consumption, and complexity. This study introduces a microcantilever-based biosensor designed for the detection of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1), which has a specific association with PD-L1. The biosensor utilizes anti-PD-L1 as the sensing layer, capitalizing on the specific binding affinity between anti-PD-L1 and sPD-L1. The presence of the sensing layer was confirmed through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. Binding between sPD-L1 and anti-PD-L1 induces a shift in the microcantilever's resonance frequency, which is proportional to the PD-L1 concentration. Notably, the resonance frequency shift demonstrates a robust linear relationship with the increasing biomarker concentration, ranging from 0.05 ng/ml to 500 ng/ml. The detection limit of the biosensor was determined to be approximately 10 pg/ml. The biosensor demonstrates excellent performance in detecting PD-L1 with high specificity even in complex biological matrices. This innovative approach not only provides a promising tool for early cancer diagnosis but also holds potential for monitoring immunotherapy efficacy, paving the way for personalized and effective cancer treatments.© 2024 The Authors.