巴巴苏椰子（Attalea speciosa syn. Orbignya phalerata）含有富含油脂的坚果，主要产于南美洲的亚马逊地区。未来市场研究人员预测，巴巴苏油市场将从2022年的2.277亿美元增长到2032年的3.470亿美元，巴巴苏加工废物中巴巴苏油的收率可能达到90%。其中，中果皮粉是一种被低估的副产品，仅被当地生产商用作动物饲料。这篇综合综述重点关注巴巴苏油副产品中植物化学物质的知识和理解进展，考虑其作用机制——涵盖抗氧化、抗菌、抗寄生虫、抗炎、抗血栓、免疫调节和抗癌作用。巴巴苏椰子果含有游离脂肪酸、（多）酚、植物甾醇和三萜。巴巴苏中果皮粉具有生物化学、抗寄生虫和抗菌活性，但真菌和病毒可能受到更多关注。除了抗氧化能力之外，巴巴苏中果皮粉还显示出作为膳食补充剂的潜力。中果皮粉的水悬浮液比正常细胞对癌细胞具有更高的偏好，并且具有抗血栓作用，可能与其次生代谢物的抗氧化能力有关。中果皮粉是一种富​​含淀粉的部分，有望用作可生物降解的包装，以提高食品的氧化稳定性。最后，低附加值部分可被视为生物废物/副产品，其植物化学物质可能会引起医学和营养学应用的兴趣。讨论了食品和相关科学的未来的毒理学问题、趋势和差距。

Babassu coconut (Attalea speciosa syn. Orbignya phalerata) contains an oil-rich nut and is primarily found in South America's Amazon region. Future market researchers predict an increase in the babassu oil market from USD 227.7 million in 2022 to USD 347.0 million by 2032, and the yield of babassu oil from babassu-processed waste could reach 90%. Of these, mesocarp flour is an underrated by-product used only for animal feed purposes by local producers. This comprehensive review focuses on advances in knowledge and understanding of phytochemicals from babassu oil by-products considering the mechanisms of action - covering antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Babassu coconut fruit contains free fatty acids, (poly)phenols, phytosterols, and triterpenes. Pytochemicals, antiparasitic and antibacterial activities of babassu mesocarp flour were shown, but fungi and viruses can get more attention. Beyond its antioxidant capacity, babassu mesocarp flour showed potential as a dietary food supplement. Aqueous suspensions of mesocarp flour with a higher preference for cancer cells than normal cells and an antithrombotic effect were also identified, probably related to the antioxidant capacity of its secondary metabolites. Mesocarp flour, a starch-rich fraction, is promising for application as biodegradable packaging to improve the oxidative stability of foods. Finally, low-added value fractions can be considered bio-waste/co-products, and their phytochemicals may attract interest for applications in medicine and nutrition. Toxicological concerns, trends, and gaps are discussed for the future of foods and related sciences.