近年来，基于纳米颗粒的免疫疗法的进步引入了一种对抗疾病的创新策略。与其他类型的纳米颗粒相比，蛋白质纳米颗粒由于其卓越的生物相容性、生物可降解性、易于修饰和精细设计的空间结构而受到广泛关注。大自然提供了多种蛋白质纳米颗粒平台，包括病毒衣壳、铁蛋白和白蛋白，它们在疾病治疗方面具有巨大的潜力。这些天然存在的蛋白质纳米颗粒不仅可以作为有效的药物输送平台，还可以通过基因修饰和共价结合等技术增强抗原输送和靶向能力。受大自然原创性的启发和计算方法进步的推动，科学家们已经制作出许多具有复杂组装结构的蛋白质纳米颗粒，在多价疫苗的开发中显示出巨大的潜力。因此，天然存在的和从头设计的蛋白质纳米颗粒都有望增强免疫疗法的有效性。这篇综述巩固了蛋白质纳米粒子在癌症和流感、肺炎和肝炎等其他疾病等疾病免疫治疗方面的进展。

In recent years, the advancement of nanoparticle-based immunotherapy has introduced an innovative strategy for combatting diseases. Compared with other types of nanoparticles, protein nanoparticles have obtained substantial attention owing to their remarkable biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of modification, and finely designed spatial structures. Nature provides several protein nanoparticle platforms, including viral capsids, ferritin, and albumin, which hold significant potential for disease treatment. These naturally occurring protein nanoparticles not only serve as effective drug delivery platforms but also augment antigen delivery and targeting capabilities through techniques like genetic modification and covalent conjugation. Motivated by nature's originality and driven by progress in computational methodologies, scientists have crafted numerous protein nanoparticles with intricate assembly structures, showing significant potential in the development of multivalent vaccines. Consequently, both naturally occurring and de novo designed protein nanoparticles are anticipated to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This review consolidates the advancements in protein nanoparticles for immunotherapy across diseases including cancer and other diseases like influenza, pneumonia, and hepatitis.