免疫疗法彻底改变了晚期皮肤恶性肿瘤的治疗。然而，一些患者对这些疗法没有反应，另一些患者则因合并症而不符合治疗条件，少数患者会出现限制治疗的系统性免疫相关不良事件。为了解决这些问题并扩大早期疾病患者的治疗选择，正在开发多种直接瘤内给药的免疫疗法。包括溶瘤病毒、单克隆抗体、细胞因子、肽和模式识别受体激动剂在内的药物经过精心设计，可激发局部免疫反应，同时最大限度地减少全身毒性，并在临床前和早期临床测试中显示出良好的结果。本综述涵盖了目前用于治疗皮肤黑色素瘤、鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌的瘤内免疫疗法的概况，重点介绍了正在探索的多种药物及其潜在的益处和挑战。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Immunotherapies have revolutionized the management of advanced cutaneous malignancies. However, some patients fail to respond to these therapies, others are ineligible because of comorbidities, and a minority of patients experience treatment-limiting systemic immune-related adverse events. To address these issues and expand treatment options for patients with early-stage disease, a variety of immunotherapies are being developed for direct intratumoral administration. Agents including oncolytic viruses, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, peptides, and pattern-recognition receptor agonists have been engineered to evoke a local immune response while minimizing systemic toxicity and have shown favorable results in preclinical and early clinical testing. This review covers the current landscape of intratumoral immunotherapies for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma, highlighting the diverse array of agents being explored and their potential benefits and challenges.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.