绒毛膜癌是一种高度恶性的妊娠相关滋养细胞肿瘤，其特征是早期转移至肺部。因此，患者可能因远处转移而出现非妇科症状。足月妊娠后绒毛膜癌的发病率确实很少见（1/160,000妊娠）。我们报告一例20岁伊朗妇女，妊娠2次1次活1次流产1次，突然转诊至我们妇科。产后第二天出现呼吸困难和左半胸疼痛。指数妊娠没有任何并发​​症。初步检查后，β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (HCG) 水平升高（>1,000,000），以及临床（阴道病变）和远处转移（双侧肺淋巴结）的放射学证据的识别，指导我们诊断肺转移性绒毛膜癌。肿瘤科会诊后，患者开始依托泊苷、甲氨蝶呤、放线菌素D、环磷酰胺和长春新碱化疗方案。她对治疗反应良好，目前正在继续化疗过程。如果按时开始治疗，绒毛膜癌的预后非常好。我们建议临床医生在产后并发症的鉴别诊断中应考虑妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤，尤其是足月妊娠和非葡萄胎妊娠后。© 2024。作者。

Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant pregnancy-related trophoblastic neoplasm, characterized by early metastasis to the lungs. Therefore, patients may manifest nongynecological symptoms owing to distant metastases. The incidence of choriocarcinoma after a term pregnancy is really rare (1/160,000 pregnancies).We report a case of a 20-year-old Iranian woman, gravida 2 para 1 live 1 abortion 1, who was referred to our gynecology department with sudden onset dyspnea and pain in the left hemithorax the day after her labor. The index pregnancy was without any complications. After the initial workup, the elevation of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels (> 1,000,000) along with the identification of clinical (vaginal lesions) and radiological evidence of distant metastases (bilateral pulmonary nodes) directed us toward pulmonary metastatic choriocarcinoma diagnosis. After the oncology consult, the etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine chemotherapy regimen was started for the patient. She responded well to the treatment and is currently continuing her chemotherapy process.The prognosis of choriocarcinoma is very good if the treatment is started on time. We suggest that clinicians should consider gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in their differential diagnosis of the post-natal period complications, especially after a term and nonmolar pregnancy.© 2024. The Author(s).