为原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民社区提供大规模癌症控制是一项国家优先事项，需要原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民的领导和共同设计，以及原住民社区控制的卫生部门的大力参与。在原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民中观察到的独特基因组变异可能对标准和精准医学产生影响。然而，原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民在人类参考基因组资源、基因组研究、癌症研究、癌细胞系、患者来源的异种移植物和癌症临床试验中缺席或代表性不足。基因组学引导的精准癌症医学通过个性化预防、诊断、治疗和长期管理，为减少原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民所经历的癌症健康差异提供了机会。在这里，我们描述了确保原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民能够获得精准癌症医学益处所需的条件。公平获得护理、原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民癌症劳动力以及适当的基因组参考资源对于安全有效的癌症医学非常重要。需要将原住民数据主权原则以及原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民治理纳入研究，以保护原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民的权利和集体利益。应让原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民社区参与进来，以了解精准癌症研究的独特文化和伦理考虑因素。需要地方和国家基因组健康研究指南来与原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民一起确定基因组学研究的共识最佳实践。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利 (John Wiley) 出版的《澳大利亚医学杂志》

Delivering cancer control at scale for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities is a national priority that requires Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership and codesign, as well as significant involvement of the Aboriginal community-controlled health sector. The unique genomic variation observed among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples may have implications for standard and precision medicine. Yet, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are absent from, or under-represented within, human reference genome resources, genomic studies, cancer studies, cancer cell lines, patient-derived xenografts and cancer clinical trials. Genomics-guided precision cancer medicine offers an opportunity to reduce cancer health disparities experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples through personalising prevention, diagnosis, treatment and long term management. Here, we describe what is required to ensure that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples can receive the benefits of precision cancer medicine. Equity of access to care, an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer workforce, and appropriate genome reference resources are important for safe and effective cancer medicine. Building Indigenous data sovereignty principles and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander governance into research is required to protect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rights and collective interests. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community engagement should be undertaken to develop an understanding of the unique cultural and ethical considerations for precision cancer research. Local and national genomic health research guidelines are needed to define a consensus best practice in genomics research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.© 2024 The Author(s). Medical Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of AMPCo Pty Ltd.