很少有研究比较老年人对两种不同绝症的安乐死的态度。此外，这些研究与潜在影响心理社会因素无关。本研究旨在探讨多种变量对癌症和帕金森病这两种疾病的老年人对安乐死态度的影响。共有 501 名 75 岁及以上的人参与了这项研究。使用小插图来衡量对安乐死的态度，小插图描述了两种情况：一名患有转移性癌症的 80 岁男性和另一名患有帕金森病晚期的男性。问卷包括相关经历（亲密的家庭成员或朋友死于绝症）、自我效能、生存意愿、生活满意度、延长生命的意愿、对死亡和临终的恐惧、社会支持和心理社会特征。使用分层线性回归模型对数据进行分析。与帕金森病相比，癌症患者对安乐死的态度更为积极。作为一名女性，受教育年限较长、宗教信仰程度较低、对死亡和垂死的恐惧更大以及自我效能感较高，这些因素都有助于在两种临终情况下对安乐死持更有利的态度。研究发现，对安乐死的态度具有统计显着性与帕金森病相比，癌症病例的积极性更高，这可以归因于癌症在人群中的患病率更高，以及公众对与这些疾病相关的痛苦的认识。除了性别、教育和宗教信仰等社会人口特征的重要作用之外，对死亡和垂死的恐惧以及自我效能感似乎是解释老年人对这两种疾病的安乐死态度的重要心理因素。这些发现揭示了老年人对衰弱性疾病安乐死的态度。版权所有 © 2024 Lifshitz、Bachner 和 Carmel。

There is a paucity of studies that compare older adults' attitudes toward Euthanasia in two different terminal illnesses. Moreover, these studies did not relate to potentially influencing psycho-social factors. The current study aimed to examine the impact of a diverse range of variables on attitudes among older adults toward Euthanasia in two medical conditions: cancer and Parkinson's disease.A total of 501 individuals aged 75 and above participated in the study. Attitudes toward Euthanasia were measured using vignettes which described two conditions: an 80-year-old man with metastatic cancer and another man in an advanced stage of Parkinson's disease. The questionnaire included measures of relevant experience (with a close family member or a friend dying from a terminal illness), self-efficacy, will to live, satisfaction with life, will to prolong life, fear of death and dying, social support, and psycho-social characteristics. The data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression models.A more positive attitude toward Euthanasia was found in the case of cancer compared to Parkinson's disease. Being a woman, having more years of education, lower level of religiosity, greater fear of death and dying and higher self-efficacy contributes to more favorable attitudes toward Euthanasia in both end-of life conditions.The finding that attitudes toward Euthanasia are statistically significantly more positive in the case of cancer compared to Parkinson's disease can be attributed to the greater prevalence of cancer in the population, and to the public's awareness of the suffering associated with each of these medical conditions. Beyond the important role of the socio-demographic characteristics of gender, education, and religiosity, it appears that fear of death and dying and self-efficacy are important psychological factors in explaining attitudes toward Euthanasia in both illnesses among older people. These findings shed light on older adults' attitudes toward Euthanasia in debilitating illnesses.Copyright © 2024 Lifshitz, Bachner and Carmel.