癌症发病率的增加迫切需要探索新的生物活性化合物。药物发现的趋势之一是海洋海绵，由于从海洋生态系统获得的天然药物化合物的丰富生产而获得了重要支持。本研究评估了红海海绵 Callysponia siphonella (C. siphonella) 有机提取物对 HepG-2 和 MCF-7 癌细胞系的抗癌特性。收集管藻，冷冻干燥，并使用甲醇-二氯甲烷混合物提取。通过液相色谱-质谱法分析提取物。通过细胞活力测定、细胞凋亡检测、细胞周期分析、线粒体膜电位测定、划痕伤口愈合测定和 3D 细胞培养测定来评估细胞毒性作用。在 C. siphonella 提取物中鉴定出 15 种化合物。该提取物对 MCF-7 和 HepG-2 细胞表现出中等的细胞毒性，处理 48 小时后，IC50 值分别为 35.6 ± 6.9 μg/mL 和 64.4 ± 8 μg/mL。它在 MCF-7 细胞中诱导细胞周期停滞在 G2/M 期，在 HepG-2 细胞中诱导细胞周期停滞在 S 期。两种细胞系中的细胞凋亡均显着增加，并伴有线粒体膜电位降低。该提取物抑制细胞迁移，24 和 48 小时后显着减少。在 3D 细胞培养物中，处理 7 天后，提取物对 MCF-7 的 IC50 值为 5.1 ± 2 μg/mL，对 HepG-2 的 IC50 值为 166.4 ± 27 μg/mL，与 HepG 相比，在 MCF-7 球体中显示出更强的效力。 2个球体。抗癌活性归因于生物活性化合物。 C. siphonella 提取物具有诱导细胞凋亡、破坏线粒体膜电位和阻止细胞周期的能力，凸显了其作为新型抗癌剂的潜力。需要进行更多研究来调查该提取物作为高效抗癌剂发挥作用的潜在机制。© 2024 Fadil 等人。

The increasing incidence of cancer diseases necessitates the urgent exploration of new bioactive compounds. One of the trends in drug discovery is marine sponges which is gaining significant support due to the abundant production of natural pharmaceutical compounds obtained from marine ecosystems. This study evaluates the anticancer properties of an organic extract from the Red Sea sponge Callyspongia siphonella (C. siphonella) on HepG-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.C. siphonella was collected, freeze-dried, and extracted using a methanol-dichloromethane mixture. The extract was analyzed via Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Cytotoxic effects were assessed through cell viability assays, apoptosis detection, cell cycle analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential assays, scratch-wound healing assays, and 3D cell culture assays.Fifteen compounds were identified in the C. siphonella extract. The extract showed moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cells, with IC50 values of 35.6 ± 6.9 μg/mL and 64.4 ± 8 μg/mL, respectively, after 48 hours of treatment. It induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in MCF-7 cells and the S phase in HepG-2 cells. Apoptosis increased significantly in both cell lines, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. The extract inhibited cell migration, with notable reductions after 24 and 48 hours. In 3D cell cultures, the extract had IC50 values of 5.1 ± 2 μg/mL for MCF-7 and 166.4 ± 27 μg/mL for HepG-2 after 7 days of treatment, showing greater potency in MCF-7 spheres compared to HepG-2 spheres.The anticancer activity is attributed to the bioactive compounds. The C. siphonella extract's ability to induce apoptosis, disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential, and arrest the cell cycle highlights its potential as a novel anticancer agent. Additional research is required to investigate the underlying mechanism by which this extract functions as a highly effective anticancer agent.© 2024 Fadil et al.