基本上，非传染性疾病（NCD）是生活方式疾病。它们不能从一个人传染给另一个人。相反，我们的生活方式、遗传和环境会影响我们对各种疾病的易感性。在印度，非传染性疾病和伤害造成 52% 的死亡。如果政府不采取重大措施预防和控制非传染性疾病及相关风险因素，非传染性疾病的负担和由此导致的死亡率预计将会增加。根据目前的研究，印度疾病、残疾和死亡的主要原因包括高血压、心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病、肺病、慢性肾病、创伤、中风以及慢性阻塞性和精神障碍。自20世纪80年代以来，印度政府通过多项垂直项目协助各邦预防和控制非传染性疾病。然而，“十一五”期间，慢性病防控力度明显加大。新计划在选定的几个地区小规模启动。尽管根据过去的经验，非传染性疾病的经济负担基本上保持不变，但减少接触风险因素需要注重健康促进和预防行动。公共医疗保健系统必须拥有有效管理、早期诊断和筛查所需的工具和人才。要成功实施该计划并向所有国民提供服务，需要有效的监测系统、综合管理和公众宣传活动。版权所有：© 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care。

Basically, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are lifestyle diseases. They cannot be transmitted from one person to another person. Instead, our lifestyle, genetics, and environment influence our susceptibility to various diseases. In India, non-communicable illnesses and injuries are responsible for 52% of fatalities. The burden of non-communicable diseases and the resultant mortality are predicted to increase if the government does not take significant steps to prevent and control NCDs and related risk factors. According to the currently available research, the top causes of illness, disability, and death in India include hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, lung disease, chronic renal disease, trauma, stroke, and chronic obstructive and mental disorders. Since 1980s, the Government of India has assisted the states through several vertical programs to prevent and control NCDs. However, efforts to prevent and control NCDs significantly increased under the 11th plan. New programs were launched on a small scale in a select few districts. The financial burden of NCDs has mostly stayed the same, though based on past experiences, reducing exposure to risk factors requires focusing on health promotion and preventative actions. The public healthcare system must have the tools and talents needed for effective management, early diagnosis, and screening. Effective monitoring systems, integrated management, and public awareness campaigns are required to successfully implement the program and make services available to all national citizens.Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.