肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，具有发病率和死亡率高的特点，严重威胁人类健康。介入栓塞治疗是中晚期肝癌的主要治疗方法，但其疗效受到栓塞表现的限制，新型栓塞材料为无法手术的患者带来了希望。尤其是栓塞强度高、粘度适宜、安全可靠、多功能的水凝胶材料被广泛用作栓塞材料，可以提高介入治疗的疗效。在这篇综述中，我们描述了水凝胶的研究现状和 HCC 治疗领域的挑战。首先介绍了通过不同交联方法制备水凝胶的各种方法，然后总结了水凝胶与HCC相关的功能，包括不同的HCC疗法、各种成像技术、体外3D模型以及所提出的应用的缺点和前景讨论了与 HCC 相关的问题。我们希望这篇综述能为对多功能水凝胶感兴趣的读者提供信息，并帮助研究人员开发更多用于 HCC 介入治疗的新型栓塞材料。© 2024。作者。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide and is characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality, posing a serious threat to human health. Interventional embolization therapy is the main treatment against middle- and late-stage liver cancer, but its efficacy is limited by the performance of embolism, hence the new embolic materials have provided hope to the inoperable patients. Especially, hydrogel materials with high embolization strength, appropriate viscosity, reliable security and multifunctionality are widely used as embolic materials, and can improve the efficacy of interventional therapy. In this review, we have described the status of research on hydrogels and challenges in the field of HCC therapy. First, various preparation methods of hydrogels through different cross-linking methods are introduced, then the functions of hydrogels related to HCC are summarized, including different HCC therapies, various imaging techniques, in vitro 3D models, and the shortcomings and prospects of the proposed applications are discussed in relation to HCC. We hope that this review is informative for readers interested in multifunctional hydrogels and will help researchers develop more novel embolic materials for interventional therapy of HCC.© 2024. The Author(s).