免疫系统在甲状腺癌（THCA）的发生和治疗中发挥着重要作用。然而，免疫细胞与THCA之间的相关性尚未得到系统研究。本研究采用两样本孟德尔随机化（MR）研究来确定免疫细胞与THCA之间的相关性。免疫细胞特征与 THCA 之间的因果关系。基于大量公开的遗传数据样本，我们探讨了 731 种免疫细胞特征与 THCA 风险之间的因果关系。将731个免疫表型分为7组，包括B细胞组（n=190）、cDC组（n=64）、成熟阶段T细胞组（n=79）、单核细胞组（n=43）、骨髓细胞组(n=64)、TBNK 组 (n=124) 和 Treg 组 (n=167)。对结果进行敏感性分析，排除异质性和水平多效性。经FDR校正后，免疫表型对THCA的影响无统计学意义。然而，值得一提的是，存在一些未经调整的低 P 值表型。单核细胞CD62L对THCA风险的比值比（OR）估计为0.953（95% CI=0.930~0.976，P=1.005×10-4），估计为0.975（95% CI=0.961-） 0.989，P=7.984×10-4) 静息 Treg%CD4 对 THCA 风险的影响。此外，THCA 与 Treg 上的 5 个免疫表型：CD25、CD39、CD4 的风险降低相关（OR=0.871，95% CI=0.812~0.935，P=1.274×10-4），激活的 Treg AC（OR=0.884，95） % CI=0.820~0.953, P=0.001), 激活

The immune system plays an important role in the development and treatment of thyroid cancer(THCA).However, the correlation between immune cells and THCA has not been systematically studied.This study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to determine the causal relationship between immune cell characteristics and THCA. Based on a large sample of publicly available genetic data, we explored the causal relationship between 731 immune cell characteristics and THCA risk. The 731 immunophenotypes were divided into 7 groups, including B cell panel(n=190),cDC panel(n=64),Maturation stages of T cell panel(n=79),Monocyte panel(n=43),Myeloid cell panel(n=64),TBNK panel(n=124),and Treg panel(n=167). The sensitivity of the results was analyzed, and heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were excluded.After FDR correction, the effect of immunophenotype on THCA was not statistically significant. It is worth mentioning, however, that there are some unadjusted low P-values phenotypes. The odds ratio (OR) of CD62L on monocyte on THCA risk was estimated to be 0.953 (95% CI=0.930~0.976, P=1.005×10-4),and which was estimated to be 0.975(95% CI=0.961-0.989, P=7.984×10-4) for Resting Treg%CD4 on THCA risk. Furthermore, THCA was associated with a reduced risk of 5 immunophenotype:CD25 on CD39+ CD4 on Treg (OR=0.871, 95% CI=0.812~0.935, P=1.274×10-4), activated Treg AC (OR=0.884, 95% CI=0.820~0.953, P=0.001), activated & resting Treg % CD4 Treg (OR=0.872, 95%CI=0.811~0.937,P=2.109×10-4),CD28- CD25++ CD8br AC(OR=0.867,95% CI=0.809~0.930,P=6.09×10-5),CD28-CD127-CD25++CD8brAC(OR=0.875,95%CI=0.814~0.942,P=3.619×10-4).THCA was associated with an increased risk of Secreting Treg % CD4 Treg (OR=1.143, 95% CI=1.064~1.229, P=2.779×10-4) and CD19 on IgD+ CD24+ (OR=1.118, 95% CI=1.041~1.120, P=0.002).These findings suggest the causal associations between immune cells and THCA by genetic means. Our results may have the potential to provide guidance for future clinical research.Copyright © 2024 Fang, Huang, Lu and Su.