原发性肝癌是消化系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其中肝细胞癌（HCC）占总病例的90%以上。早期HCC患者经手术切除后一般预后良好。由于起病隐匿，绝大多数患者确诊时HCC已进展至中晚期，手术治疗效果不理想，非手术治疗方法一般副作用严重且疗效低。纳米粒子(NP)以其尺寸小、比表面积大、独特的理化性质等优点成为药物、基因、细胞因子等治疗剂递送的潜在载体。以NP为载体的纳米递送系统载体通过功能修饰可以从时间、空间、剂量上调控体内药物、基因、细胞因子的代谢转化，在HCC的治疗中展现出巨大的潜力。本文介绍了几种常见纳米递送技术的现状及优势有机纳米载体、无机纳米载体、外泌体等系统在HCC治疗中的应用，并总结了NP基纳米载体治疗HCC的作用机制，为新型纳米递送技术的发展提供参考。系统。

Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system,of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for more than 90% of the total cases.The patients with early HCC treated by surgical resection generally demonstrate good prognosis.However,due to the insidious onset,HCC in the vast majority of patients has progressed to the mid-to-late stage when being diagnosed.As a result,surgical treatment has unsatisfactory effects,and non-surgical treatment methods generally have severe side effects and low tumor selectivity.Nanoparticles (NP) with small sizes,large specific surface areas,and unique physical and chemical properties have become potential carriers for the delivery of therapeutic agents such as drugs,genes,and cytokines.The nano-delivery systems with NP as the carrier can regulate the metabolism and transformation of drugs,genes,and cytokines in vivo from time,space,and dose via functional modification,showing great potential in the treatment of HCC.This paper introduces the current status and advantages of several common nano-delivery systems,including organic nano-carriers,inorganic nano-carriers,and exosomes,in the treatment of HCC.Furthermore,this paper summarizes the mechanisms of NP-based nano-carriers in treating HCC and provides reference for the development of new nano-delivery systems.