近年来，纳米技术由于能够提高药物的稳定性和溶解度并减少副作用，在癌症治疗领域显示出巨大的潜力。基于天然蛋白质和金属离子的仿生矿化策略为纳米粒子的合成提供了一种创新方法。该策略利用天然蛋白质的独特性质和金属离子的矿化能力，通过仿生矿化过程结合纳米颗粒，实现肿瘤的有效治疗。精确控制蛋白质与金属离子之间的矿化过程，使得获得具有理想尺寸、形状和表面特性的纳米颗粒成为可能，从而增强其在体内的稳定性和靶向能力。在此，我们首先分析了蛋白质分子在生物矿化中的作用，并全面回顾了各种常见蛋白质和金属颗粒的功能、性质和应用。随后，我们系统回顾和总结了基于蛋白质生物矿化合成的纳米颗粒在肿瘤治疗中的应用方向。具体来说，我们讨论了它们作为有效药物递送载体的用途以及在介导单一疗法和使用多种模式的协同疗法中的作用。此外，我们还特别回顾了利用天然蛋白质和金属离子通过仿生矿化策略构建的纳米医学在提高肿瘤免疫治疗效率中的应用。

Recently, nanotechnology has shown great potential in the field of cancer therapy due to its ability to improve the stability and solubility and reduce side effects of drugs. The biomimetic mineralization strategy based on natural proteins and metal ions provides an innovative approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This strategy utilizes the unique properties of natural proteins and the mineralization ability of metal ions to combine nanoparticles through biomimetic mineralization processes, achieving the effective treatment of tumors. The precise control of the mineralization process between proteins and metal ions makes it possible to obtain nanoparticles with the ideal size, shape, and surface characteristics, thereby enhancing their stability and targeting ability in vivo. Herein, initially, we analyze the role of protein molecules in biomineralization and comprehensively review the functions, properties, and applications of various common proteins and metal particles. Subsequently, we systematically review and summarize the application directions of nanoparticles synthesized based on protein biomineralization in tumor treatment. Specifically, we discuss their use as efficient drug delivery carriers and role in mediating monotherapy and synergistic therapy using multiple modes. Also, we specifically review the application of nanomedicine constructed through biomimetic mineralization strategies using natural proteins and metal ions in improving the efficiency of tumor immunotherapy.