限时喂养 (TRF) 是一种生活方式干预措施，旨在维持一致的每日喂养和禁食周期，以支持稳健的昼夜节律。近年来，它因其增强身体成分、延长寿命、改善整体健康以及诱导自噬和缓解心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、神经退行性疾病等疾病症状的潜力而受到科学、医学和公众的关注。癌症和缺血性损伤。然而，对于 TRF 对健康有益的主要因素仍存在相当多的争论。尽管没有严格限制卡路里摄入量，TRF 始终导致卡路里摄入量减少。因此，虽然一些研究表明 TRF 的健康益处主要归因于热量限制 (CR)，但其他研究则认为 TRF 的关键优势不仅来自 CR，还来自禁食持续时间、进食时间等因素。周期，并与昼夜节律保持一致。为了阐明CR之外TRF的作用和机制，本综述纳入了不使用CR的TRF研究，以及与CR同等能量摄入的TRF研究，弥补了之前对不使用CR的TRF缺乏全面研究的不足，并提供了一个框架未来的研究方向。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表国际生命科学研究所出版。版权所有。如需权限，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a lifestyle intervention that aims to maintain a consistent daily cycle of feeding and fasting to support robust circadian rhythms. Recently, it has gained scientific, medical, and public attention due to its potential to enhance body composition, extend lifespan, and improve overall health, as well as induce autophagy and alleviate symptoms of diseases like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ischemic injury. However, there is still considerable debate on the primary factors that contribute to the health benefits of TRF. Despite not imposing strict limitations on calorie intake, TRF consistently led to reductions in calorie intake. Therefore, while some studies suggest that the health benefits of TRF are primarily due to caloric restriction (CR), others argue that the key advantages of TRF arise not only from CR but also from factors like the duration of fasting, the timing of the feeding period, and alignment with circadian rhythms. To elucidate the roles and mechanisms of TRF beyond CR, this review incorporates TRF studies that did not use CR, as well as TRF studies with equivalent energy intake to CR, which addresses the previous lack of comprehensive research on TRF without CR and provides a framework for future research directions.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.