免疫抑制的个体患病毒相关癌症的风险较高。识别艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 和实体器官移植受者 (SOTR) 这两个免疫抑制人群的癌症风险较高，可能有助于确定与传染源的新病因关系。我们利用了基于人群的癌症登记与艾滋病毒和移植登记的两个联系在美国。根据部位和组织学代码对癌症实体进行系统分类。使用标准化发病率 (SIR) 来比较 PWH 和 SOTR 与一般人群的风险。对于选定的癌症实体，计算每个人群内免疫抑制指标的发病率比 (IRR)。我们在 SOTR 中确定了 38,047 例癌症病例，在 PWH 中确定了 53,592 例癌症病例，总体 SIR 分别为 1.66 (95%CI = 1.65-1.68) 和 1.49 (95%CI = 1.65-1.68)。 95%CI = 1.47-1.50）。 43 种癌症实体符合选择标准，包括结膜鳞状细胞癌 (SCC) (PWH SIR = 7.1，95%CI = 5.5-9.2；SOTRs SIR = 9.4；95%CI = 6.8-12.6)。 SOTR 中皮脂腺癌的发生率较高（SIR = 16.2；95%CI = 14.0-18.6），并且在 SOTR 中，与其他器官受者相比，肺/心脏移植受者的皮脂腺癌风险更高（IRR = 2.3；95%CI = 1.7） -3.2）。唾液腺肿瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤 (MFH) 和肝内胆管癌在 SOTR 中显示出较高的风险（分别为 SIR = 3.9、SIR = 4.7 和 SIR = 3.2），但在 PWH 中则不然。然而，PWH 中艾滋病诊断后，这些癌症的风险升高（分别为 IRR = 2.4；IRR = 4.3；和 IRR = 2.0）。SOTR 和 PWH 中 SIR 升高，以及这些人群中免疫抑制的相关性，表明存在新的感染原因适用于多种癌症，包括结膜 SCC、皮脂腺癌、唾液腺肿瘤、MFH 和肝内胆管癌。由牛津大学出版社 2024 年出版。

Immunosuppressed individuals have elevated risk of virus-related cancers. Identifying cancers with elevated risk in people with HIV (PWH) and solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), two immunosuppressed populations, may help identify novel etiologic relationships with infectious agents.We utilized two linkages of population-based cancer registries with HIV and transplant registries in the United States. Cancer entities were systematically classified based on site and histology codes. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to compare risk in PWH and SOTRs with the general population. For selected cancer entities, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for indicators of immunosuppression within each population.We identified 38,047 cancer cases in SOTRs and 53,592 in PWH, yielding overall SIRs of 1.66 (95%CI = 1.65-1.68) and 1.49 (95%CI = 1.47-1.50), respectively. Forty-three cancer entities met selection criteria, including conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (PWH SIR = 7.1, 95%CI = 5.5-9.2; SOTRs SIR = 9.4; 95%CI = 6.8-12.6). Sebaceous adenocarcinoma was elevated in SOTRs (SIR = 16.2; 95%CI = 14.0-18.6) and, among SOTRs, associated with greater risk in lung/heart transplant recipients compared to recipients of other organs (IRR = 2.3; 95%CI = 1.7-3.2). Salivary gland tumors, malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma showed elevated risk in SOTRs (SIR = 3.9; SIR = 4.7; and SIR = 3.2, respectively) but not in PWH. However, risks for these cancers were elevated following an AIDS diagnosis among PWH (IRR = 2.4; IRR = 4.3; and IRR = 2.0, respectively).Elevated SIRs among SOTRs and PWH, and associations with immunosuppression within these populations, suggest novel infectious causes for several cancers including conjunctival SCC, sebaceous adenocarcinoma, salivary gland tumors, MFH, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Published by Oxford University Press 2024.