厚朴是一种广泛应用于临床的传统草药，具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗衰老等活性。新木脂素是药用植物的主要活性成分，具有广泛的药理作用，包括抗阿尔茨海默病（AD）活性。总结已发表的新木脂素对AD的体内外治疗效果和机制的数据。临床前研究对 PubMed、Web of Science、Google Scholar 和 Scopus 进行了系统审查（截至 2024 年 3 月 1 日）。药用植物衍生的新木脂素（和厚朴酚、厚朴酚、4-O-甲基和厚朴酚和 obovatol）可减轻 AD 动物模型中的行为异常，包括学习和认知障碍。从机制上讲，新木脂素可抑制 Aβ 生成或聚集、神经炎症和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性；促进小胶质细胞吞噬作用和抗氧化应激；缓解线粒体功能障碍和能量代谢以及抗胆碱能缺乏；并调节肠道菌群。此外，新木脂素可能通过调节NF-κB、ERK、AMPK/mTOR/ULK1、cAMP/PKA/CREB等不同分子通路实现神经保护。新木脂素通过多种机制和途径发挥抗AD作用。然而，AD 患者的确切靶点、药代动力学、安全性和临床疗效还需要多中心临床病例对照研究进一步研究。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

Magnolia officinalis, a traditional herbal medicine widely used in clinical practice, exerts antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities. Neolignans are the main active ingredients of M. officinalis and exert a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity.To summarize the published data on the therapeutic effect and mechanism of neolignans on AD in vivo and in vitro.PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were systematically reviewed (up to March 1, 2024) for pre-clinical studies.M. officinalis-derived neolignans (honokiol, magnolol, 4-O-methylhonokiol, and obovatol) alleviated behavioral abnormalities, including learning and cognitive impairments, in AD animal models. Mechanistically, neolignans inhibited Aβ generation or aggregation, neuroinflammation, and acetylcholinesterase activity; promoted microglial phagocytosis and anti-oxidative stress; alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism, as well as anti-cholinergic deficiency; and regulated intestinal flora. Furthermore, neolignans may achieve neuroprotection by regulating different molecular pathways, including the NF-κB, ERK, AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, and cAMP/PKA/CREB pathways.Neolignans exert anti-AD effects through multiple mechanisms and pathways. However, the exact targets, pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical efficacy in patients with AD need further investigation in multi-center clinical case-control studies.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.