近年来，由于石墨烯基纳米复合材料的合成和设计的进步，石墨烯基纳米复合材料在治疗和诊断方面的应用取得了长足的进步，催生了纳米癌症诊断和治疗的新领域。纳米石墨烯在癌症治疗领域的应用越来越广泛，它与诊断和治疗相结合，以解决与这种危及生命的疾病相关的复杂的临床障碍和问题。与其他纳米材料相比，石墨烯衍生物因其卓越的结构、机械、电学、光学和热性能而脱颖而出。这些材料的高比表面积使其可用作响应外部刺激的控释系统中的载体；这些化合物包括药物和核酸序列（DNA 和 RNA）等生物分子。此外，独特的片状纳米结构的存在和光热转换的能力使得石墨烯基纳米复合材料非常有利于光学治疗应用，包括光热治疗（PTT）、光动力治疗（PDT）和治疗诊断学。本综述重点介绍了石墨烯基纳米复合材料在癌症诊断和治疗中的现状和益处，并讨论了其未来发展的障碍和前景。然后我们重点关注基于石墨烯的纳米复合材料在癌症治疗中的应用，包括智能药物输送系统、PTT和PDT。最后，还讨论了基于石墨烯的纳米复合材料的生物相容性，以提供该主题的独特概述。© 2024。作者。

The application of graphene-based nanocomposites for therapeutic and diagnostic reasons has advanced considerably in recent years due to advancements in the synthesis and design of graphene-based nanocomposites, giving rise to a new field of nano-cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nano-graphene is being utilized more often in the field of cancer therapy, where it is employed in conjunction with diagnostics and treatment to address the complex clinical obstacles and problems associated with this life-threatening illness. When compared to other nanomaterials, graphene derivatives stand out due to their remarkable structural, mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal capabilities. The high specific surface area of these materials makes them useful as carriers in controlled release systems that respond to external stimuli; these compounds include drugs and biomolecules like nucleic acid sequences (DNA and RNA). Furthermore, the presence of distinctive sheet-like nanostructures and the capacity for photothermal conversion have rendered graphene-based nanocomposites highly favorable for optical therapeutic applications, including photothermal treatment (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and theranostics. This review highlights the current state and benefits of using graphene-based nanocomposites in cancer diagnosis and therapy and discusses the obstacles and prospects of their future development. Then we focus on graphene-based nanocomposites applications in cancer treatment, including smart drug delivery systems, PTT, and PDT. Lastly, the biocompatibility of graphene-based nanocomposites is also discussed to provide a unique overview of the topic.© 2024. The Author(s).