膀胱癌（BCa）是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤。其复发率较高，需要长期随访。近年来BCa研究取得了重大进展；然而，BCa 的初步诊断和随访依赖于膀胱镜检查，这是一种侵入性且昂贵的手术。在过去的十年中，液体活检（例如血液和尿液）已被证明是发现 BCa 生物标志物的高效方法。这种无创采样方法用于分析释放到体液中的独特肿瘤成分，并能够连续采样和纵向监测肿瘤进展。几种液体活检生物标志物已被广泛研究，并在 BCa 的临床应用中显示出有希望的结果，包括早期检测、显微残留疾病检测、复发预测和治疗反应。因此，本综述旨在提供各种新的液体活检标记物的最新信息以及液体活检在BCa诊断中的优势和目前的局限性。

Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy of the urinary system. It has a high recurrence rate and requires longterm follow-up. Significant advances in BCa research have been made in recent years; however, the initial diagnosis and follow-up of BCa relies on cystoscopy, which is an invasive and expensive procedure. Over the past decade, liquid biopsies (e.g., blood and urine) have proven to be highly efficient methods for the discovery of BCa biomarkers. This noninvasive sampling method is used to analyze unique tumor components released into body fluids and enables serial sampling and longitudinal monitoring of tumor progression. Several liquid biopsy biomarkers have been studied extensively and have shown promising results in the clinical applications of BCa, including early detection, microscopic residual disease detection, recurrence prediction, and treatment response. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update on various new liquid biopsy markers and the advantages and current limitations of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis of BCa.