小细胞肺癌 (SCLC) 是一种高度侵袭性癌症，尽管在一线化疗中添加了免疫疗法，但 5 年生存率仍低于 7%。特定的肿瘤生物标志物，例如 δ 样配体 3 (DLL3) 和 schlafen11 (SLFN11)，可能有助于选择更有效、新颖的免疫调节靶向治疗，例如双特异性 T 细胞接合单克隆抗体 (tarlatamab) 和 PARP 抑制剂化疗。然而，在 SCLC 中获取组织活检样本可能具有挑战性。循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）有潜力通过“简单”的血液测试提供对患者癌症的分子洞察。人们已经研究了 CTC 在 SCLC 中的预后能力；然而，它们在指导治疗决策方面的价值仍有待阐明。本综述探讨了 SCLC 中新颖且有前景的靶向疗法，总结了 SCLC 中 CTC 的当前知识，并讨论了如何将 CTC 用于精准医疗。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利出版的《分子肿瘤学》

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a dismal 5-year survival of < 7%, despite the addition of immunotherapy to first-line chemotherapy. Specific tumor biomarkers, such as delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and schlafen11 (SLFN11), may enable the selection of more efficacious, novel immunomodulating targeted treatments like bispecific T-cell engaging monoclonal antibodies (tarlatamab) and chemotherapy with PARP inhibitors. However, obtaining a tissue biopsy sample can be challenging in SCLC. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have the potential to provide molecular insights into a patient's cancer through a "simple" blood test. CTCs have been studied for their prognostic ability in SCLC; however, their value in guiding treatment decisions is yet to be elucidated. This review explores novel and promising targeted therapies in SCLC, summarizes current knowledge of CTCs in SCLC, and discusses how CTCs can be utilized for precision medicine.© 2024 The Author(s). Molecular Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.