本综述汇集了有关蚯蚓提取物 (EE) 的化学成分、药理作用和分子机制的文献信息，并提出了 EE 临床转化的可能性。我们还考虑该领域的未来趋势和担忧。我们总结了EE的生物活性成分，包括G-90、lysenin、蚓激酶、抗菌肽、蚯蚓丝氨酸蛋白酶(ESP)和多酚，并详细介绍了EE的抗肿瘤、抗血栓、抗病毒、抗菌、抗炎、镇痛、抗氧化、伤口等作用。 -基于现有的体外和体内研究，EE 的治疗、抗纤维化和降血糖活性以及作用机制。我们进一步提出了 EE 在抗癌和调脂疗法中临床转化的潜力，以及它作为伤口愈合和抗生素耐受性新型药物来源的前景。蚯蚓酶具有高效的抗凝和溶栓特性，并且具有不引起纤溶亢进出血现象的优点。其抗纤维化特性可以减少细胞外基质的过度积累。糖脂蛋白提取物G-90能有效清除活性氧基团，保护细胞组织免受氧化损伤。蚯蚓已经进化出完善的防御机制来对抗微生物感染，EE中的生物活性剂在体外和体内实验中表现出良好的抗菌、真菌和病毒特性，可以减轻感染引起的炎症反应，有效减轻疼痛。最近的研究还强调了 EE 在降低血糖方面的作用。 EE 显示出很高的药用价值，预计将成为许多生物活性化合物的来源。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利出版的动物模型和实验医学

This review compiles information from the literature on the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and molecular mechanisms of earthworm extract (EE) and suggests possibilities for clinical translation of EE. We also consider future trends and concerns in this domain. We summarize the bioactive components of EE, including G-90, lysenin, lumbrokinase, antimicrobial peptides, earthworm serine protease (ESP), and polyphenols, and detail the antitumor, antithrombotic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, wound-healing, antifibrotic, and hypoglycemic activities and mechanisms of action of EE based on existing in vitro and in vivo studies. We further propose the potential of EE for clinical translation in anticancer and lipid-modifying therapies, and its promise as source of a novel agent for wound healing and resistance to antibiotic tolerance. The earthworm enzyme lumbrokinase embodies highly effective anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties and has the advantage of not causing bleeding phenomena due to hyperfibrinolysis. Its antifibrotic properties can reduce the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. The glycolipoprotein extract G-90 can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen groups and protect cellular tissues from oxidative damage. Earthworms have evolved a well-developed defense mechanism to fight against microbial infections, and the bioactive agents in EE have shown good antibacterial, fungal, and viral properties in in vitro and in vivo experiments and can alleviate inflammatory responses caused by infections, effectively reducing pain. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of EE in lowering blood glucose. EE shows high medicinal value and is expected to be a source of many bioactive compounds.© 2024 The Author(s). Animal Models and Experimental Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of The Chinese Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences.